Ikhibhodi ye-Laptop: isabelo ukhiye. Amashothikhathi

Ikhibhodi yendabuko i-laptop, noma ideskithophu, naphezu kokubusa nokusabalalisa okujwayelekile "kwamasenja" kuma-smartphone namaphilisi - uma usebenzisa abantu, ngezinye izikhathi, baqala ukukhohlwa ukuthi yiziphi izihluthulelo - into efunwa kakhulu. Ikhibhodi yesitayela ne-ergonomic yinkcazelo eyamukelekile yangaphakathi kwikhompyutha kwanoma yimuphi umculi we-IT.

Ukulula kokusebenzisa i-hardware ephathekayo ingxenye ye-PC, hhayi nje ukubonakala kwayo - kuyisici esibalulekile sokududuza komnikazi wekhompiyutha. Ikhibhodi, ngokomlando, isici sokulawula sokuqala se-PC, igundane yasungulwa kamuva. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi izinkinobho zedivayisi - ikakhulukazi, zihlangene nabanye - ngokuzenzakalelayo, ithuluzi elisebenza kakhulu futhi elisebenzayo ezandleni zomsebenzisi. Kukhona inguqulo ukuthi izici zezobuchwepheshe ze "desktops" nama-laptops zenza kube khona umehluko phakathi kwekhono lamakhibhodi, lapho izinhlobo ezifanele zamadivayisi zilawulwa khona.

Ingabe uhlobo lwekhibhodi yekhompiyutha ngokwemisebenzi yomkhiqizo? Ingabe kukhona umehluko emkhatsini wezinqubomgomo zokuqinisekisa kule nkinga, eyenziwa ngabakhiqizi bezincwadi ezahlukene? Iyiphi inhlanganisela ebalulekile esingayibhala njengento ewusizo kakhulu?

Izinkinobho kwi-laptop nedeskithophu: ukuqhathanisa

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwendlela i-laptop yekhibhodi nedeskithophu ehlelwe ngayo, njengombuso, ayigcinwa. Lokhu kuyaqondakala - abakhiqizi bekhompyutha bazama ukukhiqiza izilawuli ezifanele, ukunamathela emazingeni ukuze abantu bazimisele kakhulu ukuthenga imishini, ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuthi kuzodingeka bavumelane namakhono abo kuhlelo olusha lwamakhi. Kufanele kuphawulwe, Nokho, ukuthi lo mqondo usebenza uma ikhompyutha icatshangelwa ekwakhiweni okuthandwa kakhulu namhlanje - I-PC ye-IBM. Kunezinye izindinganiso ze-hardware-software layout of PCs - njengokuthi, isibonelo, i-Macintosh.

Ukumiswa kwemisebenzi

Ngakho-ke, akunandaba, uma nje sikhuluma ngesikhulumi esifanayo esinaso - izinkinobho ku-"ideskithophu" inguqulo noma ikhibhodi ye-laptop - isabelo samakhi sizoba okufanayo kuzo zonke izimo. Noma kunjalo, kunezinhlobo ezithile ze-nuances. Ngezici eziningi zibangelwa, okokuqala, umahluko phakathi kobukhulu bedeskithophu ne-laptop. Ekulahleni komsebenzisi we-PC ejwayelekile, ngokuvamile itafula lonke. Ikwazi ukufaka ikhibhodi enkulu kakhulu. Ezingxenyeni ezidakile kakhulu zokuklama. Enye into - ikhibhodi ye-laptop. Inhloso yezihluthulelo kuso, noma ngabe yikuphi kwideskithophu, ukubeka izinkinobho ngokucophelela kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, umenzi we-laptop anganquma, ngokuyisisekelo, ukususa amanye amaqembu okhiye.

Ingabe ukukhishwa kwekhibhodi kuhluke kwikhibhodi yephathekayo kuye ngokuthi umkhiqizo othize? Ngokuyinhloko, cha. Futhi lokhu kubangelwe ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthengisa: umkhiqizi womkhiqizo ufuna umsebenzisi, ukukhuluma ngokwemvelo, ejwayele iqiniso lokuthi angasisebenzisa - i-laptop ye-Lenovo, ikwazi ukuvumelanisa kalula kwi-hardware efanayo ye-hardware kusuka ku-ASUS, futhi ngokufanayo. Ukuhlukana, uma kunjalo, bona, njengomthetho, bahlanganisa ukuklama kwezinkinobho, ukuphakama kwawo, ukuma, umbala, izinto zokwakha. Ikhibhodi ye-Acer laptop ngakho-ke iyafana ncamashi nezifanekiselo ezivela ku-ASUS, HP, Dell nezinye izinto, ngokusekelwe ngenhloso yezinkinobho.

Noma kunjalo, kuyoba usizo ukwazi izici eziyinhloko zokwabiwa kwemisebenzi ehlanganiswe nezihluthulelo ezithile. Akunandaba - kungukuthi izinkinobho ezivumelanisiwe kwideskithophu, noma ikhibhodi ye-laptop ihlolwe. Ukubeka izihluthulelo zamaqembu asebenzayo, ikakhulukazi ngokubambisana nabanye, kuyindawo ethakazelisayo kakhulu yokutadisha amakhono wekhompyutha. Ngakho ake siqale ngokuhlola izinhlobo zenkinobho ezihambelanayo.

Izinkinobho zomsebenzi

Izinkinobho ezisebenzayo kwikhibhodi ephathekayo zihlala zikhona - uma sikhuluma ngobuchwepheshe obukhiqizwa ngamakhiza-abakhiqizi abaziwayo - i-Acer, i-Lenovo, i-ASUS. Cabanga ngalokho wonke umuntu ophethe khona. Isamba somsebenzi okhiye 12. Ziyatholakala ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye. Sizofunda ukuthi yiziphi izibopho zabo.

Isihluthulelo se-F1 cishe sihlelwe njalo ukubiza usizo - ohlelweni lokusebenza noma ohlelweni oluhlukile. Lo msebenzi, kungashiwo, awushintshi kuwo wonke amamodeli we-PC - ikhibhodi isetshenziselwa i-laptop HP, i-Lenovo, noma i-ASUS - akukho umehluko. Kwezinye izimo, uma ifayela lokusiza elakhelwe ngaphakathi linganikezwa uhlelo, ukucindezela i-F1 kungalayela ikhompyutha ukuthi ilayishe iwebhusayithi yomkhiqizi wesofthiwe ngolwazi oludingekile.

Inhloso yendabuko ye-F2 - izikhibhodi zekhibhodi noma ideskithophu - ukuqamba kabusha ifayela elikhethiwe noma ifolda.

Inkinobho ye-F3 ezimweni eziningi inesibopho sokubiza i-Windows search engine - ukulanda isikhombikubona sayo esivamile, usebenzisa ukuthi ungasesha amafayela kukhompyutha yonke, noma yendawo - ewindini elihlukile. Uma ifolda ivuliwe, khona-ke usesho luzokwenziwa ezintweni ezikulo, uma iwindi lesiphequluli noma, ethi, iZwi liyasebenza, bese kuthi umbhalo ekhasini.

Isihluthulelo se-F4 senziwa ngokuyinhloko ekusetshenzisweni kwamagobolondo efayela wesithathu - njengokwesibonelo, i-Total Commander. Ukuwusizo kwalo ku-Windows kulinganiselwa ochwepheshe abaningi ngokungacacile. Kodwa ungaphikisana nale mbono: ngokucindezela i-F4, tshela kusiphequluli, ungavula ibha yekheli - kungashesha kunesenzo esifanayo negundane.

Ikhi ye-F5 yakhelwe ukuvuselela ngokushesha okuqukethwe kwewindi lesicelo, ideskithophu noma i-Windows Explorer. Kule nkinga, kuma-shell shell we-third-party, ukusebenza kwayo, njengombuso, kuhluke kakhulu. Isibonelo, ku-Total Commander, le nkinobho yekhibhodi ye-laptop noma "ideskithophu" ihambisa amafayela namafolda.

Isihluthulelo se-F6 sinokusebenza okufanayo njengo-F4. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, njengomthetho, uhlu olumlando wesayithi kwibha yekheli lesiphequluli alulwanga.

Ezinye izinkinobho kwikhibhodi yephathekayo ne "ideskithophu" - F7, F8, F9, noF12 abanalo ukubopha okusebenza ngokuqinile. Kuye ngohlelo oluthile, noma, imodeli yedivayisi, ingahle ihlelwe imiyalo ehlukene. Lokhu kunjalo nje uma singabona ukungafani kobuchwepheshe obusetshenziselwa imikhiqizo eveza imishini noma izinhlelo.

Futhi, inani lamakhikhibhodi we-laptop noma ideskithophu F10 ne-F11 ilungele ngokwanele - uma kungumbuzo wokuwasebenzisa ohlelweni lweWindows. Inkinobho ye-F10 inesibopho sokuvula imenyu yesicelo. I-F11, njengomthetho, ihlelwe ukushintsha amawindi kusuka kwimodi evamile kuya kusikrini esigcwele futhi ngokuphambene.

Imisebenzi yamakhibhodi ekhibhodi enemininingwane ehlukile: njengomthetho, yizinyathelo ezihleliwe ezibonisa ukuhlanganiswa kwazo nenkinobho ethize ye-Fn, okuyinto kumakhibhodi e "desktops" ezimweni eziningi engekho. Manje sizobheka imininingwane yokusebenza nabo.

Isihluthulelo se-Fn

Isihluthulelo se-Fn kwi-laptop sivame ukwabiwa ngombala ohlukile - isibonelo, umhlophe, noma uhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - ukuze umsebenzisi angakwazi ukukuthola kalula kukhibhodi. Izihluthulelo ezinjalo kudivayisi ngokuvamile ziyodwa noma ezimbili. Ukucindezela i-Fn ngendlela ehlanzekile, njengomthetho, akusho ukuthi ukusebenza kwanoma yimuphi umsebenzi. Kodwa ukuhlanganiswa kwayo nemisebenzi yokhiye kuhlelwe ngenani elikhulu lezenzo eziwusizo. Okuqukethwe kwabo okuqondile kuxhomeke kulolu hlobo lwe-laptop. Ikhibhodi ye-laptop ye-ASUS, ngakho-ke, ingahluka ngesici sokuqalisa isihluthulelo se-Fn kusuka kwisici esifanayo se-hardware kumadivayisi e-Lenovo noma e-Acer. Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe baveza amaphethini amaningana avamile kuwo wonke amakhompiyutha mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamakhono e-Fn. Cabanga ngabo.

Ngokuhambisana nenkinobho ye-F1, ukhiye we-Fn, ngokwesibonelo, ufundisa ikhompyutha ukuvala (ukuvala amandla). Lokhu kusindisa isikhathi uma uqhathanisa lolu msebenzi nenqubo efanayo eyenziwa ngegundane.

Ngokuhambisana nenki ye-F2, ukhiye we-Fn kumaningi amacala kukuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele iwindi lamalungiselelo ahlobene nokulondoloza amandla. Le nketho ingaba usizo uma, isibonelo, itholakala ukuthi i-laptop iphuma ngaphandle kwamandla ebhethri, futhi kufanele idluliselwe ngendlela ephuthumayo yokusebenza okuhlukile, okwezomnotho.

Isihluthulelo se-Fn ephathekayo kuhlanganiswe ne-F3 inkinobho ingaba nesibopho sokuvumela nokukhubaza ukuxhumana okungenazintambo - isibonelo, i-Bluetooth noma i-Wi-Fi. Lokhu kulula uma, isibonelo, akukho ukushintshwa kwama-hardware kwikhompyutha, ongenza ngayo izenzo ezifanayo.

Ngokuhambisana nenki ye-F4, ukhiye we-Fn uvame ukuhlelwa ukudlulisela ikhompyutha kumodi yokulala (ngaphandle kokuvala). Kweminye imikhiqizo ye-laptops, inhlanganisela efanayo ibuye ibe nesibopho "sokuvusa" ikhompyutha.

Ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-Fn no-F5 kumanothi amaningi wezobuchwepheshe, ungakwazi ukuvula noma ukuvimbela ukukhishwa kwesignali yevidiyo kumbukiso wangaphandle oxhunywe nge-wired interface ekhadini levidiyo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuma-laptops amaningi lena yindlela kuphela yokusebenzisa lolu hlobo lwezenzo ngendlela ye-hardware - enye indlela ingaba inqubo ende ngokwanele yokukhipha isignali yevidiyo ngezilungiselelo zesofthiwe.

Ukunqamula umlenze, njengomthetho, uvumela inhlanganisela ye-Fn no-F6 noma i-F7. Lo msebenzi uwusizo uma, isibonelo, umsebenzisi wanquma ukushiya ikhompyutha okwesikhashana - kulokhu, ungagcina ugesi ngokuvala umbukiso.

Inhlanganisela ewusizo kakhulu yi-Fn no-F8. Ikuvumela ukuthi unike amandla noma ukhubaza umsindo kumakhompiyutha (ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lesimanje lomsindo alihlelwa kabusha ku-zero - ngemuva kokuba inhlanganisela icindezelwe futhi, izilungiselelo zibuyiselwe). Lo msebenzi wezihluthulelo uwusizo uma, isibonelo, othile ebiza ucingo, udinga ukuphendula ngokuphuthumayo, futhi umculo omkhulu udlala ku-PC yakho.

Kwi-laptops eziningi, ukukhubaza okwesikhashana kwe-Touch Pad kunikezwa - idivayisi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi yensiza eyenza imisebenzi yegundane efanayo. Lesi senzo singenziwa ngokucindezela inhlanganisela Fn no-F9.

Uma usebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-Fn no-F10, ungashintsha isakhiwo sekhibhodi. Lokhu kuyasiza uma, isibonelo, izihluthulelo ezijwayelekile ngezizathu ezithile azisebenzi.

Uma i-laptop iphethe ikhiphedi yezinombolo (ngokuvamile itholakala ngakwesokudla), bese uyivula, noma ungayiqeda ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-Fn no-F11.

Inhlanganisela ye-Fn ne-F12 ingahle ihlelwe ngemisebenzi eminingi, kuye ngokuthi imodeli ethile yekhompyutha. Ikhibhodi ye-laptop ye-HP inganikeza eyodwa, i-hardware ingxenye evela ku-Acer - enye. Kwezinye izimo, le nhlanganisela isho isenzo sesofthiwe - isibonelo, isebenze umsebenzi wokuhambisa isikrini, osebenza, ikakhulukazi ohlelweni lwe-Excel.

Futhi phawula ukuthi ukhiye we-Fn ungalungiswa ngomsebenzi ngokuhlanganiswa hhayi kuphela nezinkinobho ezine-index F, kepha futhi ngokuhambisana nalabo abajwayele abangezansi kwikhibhodi. Futhi, konke kuxhomeke kuhlobo lwedivaysi. Ikhibhodi ye laptop yase-ASUS ingaba nemithetho yayo, ngoba i-Lenovo ingahluka ngokuphelele. Isibonelo, kwamanye amamodeli wamadivayisi, inhlanganisela ye-Fn kanye nenhlanhla lapho isibalo soku-1 (nephuzu lesikhumbuzo) siboniswa, singalungisa izinga lokukhanya lokubonisa. Inhlanganisela ye-Fn ne-inkinobho okudwetshwa ngayo umfanekiso we-2 (@ icon), nayo, ingalawula ivolumu yomsindo.

Ngakho sifunde ukuthi yiziphi izici ezibonakala ngekhibhodi ye-laptop, ngenhloso yezihluthulelo zohlobo olusebenzayo. Ake sibuyele ekutadisheni kwesigaba esithakazelisayo kakhulu sezinkinobho. Babizwa ngokuthi "okhiye abashisayo". Ziziphi izici zabo?

Izinkinobho ezishisayo

Cishe zonke izikhibhodi zenzelwe ama-PC ekwakhiweni kwe-IBM nokusebenzisa iWindows, ngakho-ke kuma-laptops, futhi, kukhona okuthiwa "okhiye abashisayo". Zenzelwe ukuvuselela ngokushesha ukusebenza kwe-hardware noma ye-software ye-OS, ngokuvamile evame kakhulu futhi kunzima ukuyibiza ngezenzo zegundane. Cabanga ngezici eziningi ezithandwa kakhulu ezinika "okhiye abashisayo" ku-Windows 7 - enye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidume kakhulu namuhla. Qaphela ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwezinkinobho esizosinikeza ngezansi komsebenzi uma sinakho noma iyiphi idivayisi yokufaka idatha - "ideskithophu," noma, ikhibhodi ye-laptop ye-ASUS. Inhloso yezinkinobho "zohlobo olushisayo", ngokujwayelekile, kuwo wonke amadivayisi afana. Kunikeziwe, yiqiniso, ukuthi bane-Windows efakwe.

Izinkinobho ezishisayo ezine-ALT ezicindezelayo

Enye yezinkinobho eziyisisekelo zekhibhodi, esebenze uma imisebenzi ehlukahlukene isebenzwa kwimodi eshisayo yi-ALT. Yiziphi izici ezivulwa ngokuzicindezela ngokuhambisana nezinye izihluthulelo? Phakathi kwemisebenzi ephawulekayo - ukusebenza, noma ukucima iphaneli yefayili: ngalokhu udinga ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-ALT no-P.

Inhlanganisela ye-ALT ne-TAB ikuvumela ukuthi uhambe ngokushesha phakathi kwamafasitela wezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo ezisebenza ku-Windows. Ukhiye we-ALT ngokuhambisana ne-UP inkinobho ikuvumela ukuba ukhuphuke phezulu kwesakhiwo samafasitela avulekile namafolda. Inhlanganisela ye-ALT ne-F4 ivala iwindi lesicelo esisebenzayo, noma uhlelo noma umdlalo wekhompiyutha usuphelile. Inhlanganisela ye-ALT kanye nesikhala ikuvumela ukuba uvule imenyu yemongo yes window elisebenzayo.

Ama-Hotkeys nge-CTRL

Elinye iqembu lezinhlanganisela eziwusizo "liqondiswa" ngokhiye we-CTRL. Cabanga ngezibonelo zenhlanganisela ethandwayo. Inhlanganisela ye-CTRL ne-A ikuvumela ukuba ukhethe wonke amafayela namafolda efasiteleni, noma wonke umbhalo nezinye izinto ezisekhasini lombhalo noma, isibonelo, kusiphequluli. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-CTRL no-C kuyithuluzi elilula nelangaziwa lokukopisha umbhalo nezinye izinto. Uma incwadi yesibili ingena esikhundleni seV, ungafaka eyodwa ekhethiwe. Uma i-X isetshenziselwa esikhundleni se-C, into iyaqedwa, futhi ngemuva kokucindezela u-V, iya endaweni eyacaciswe umsebenzisi.

Inhlanganisela ye-CTRL ne-N ikuvumela ukuba udale ifayela elisha noma idokhumenti ohlelweni oluhleliwe lomhleli, uma ushintsha indawo N no-O, vula into. Inhlanganisela ye-CTRL ne-P ithumela umbhalo noma enye idatha kusuka esikrinini kuya kuphrinta. Inhlanganisela ye-CTRL ne-Z ikuvumela ukuba uhlehlise isenzo sokugcina esenziwe ngumsebenzisi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-CTRL ne-F4 kufana nokucindezela i-ALT ne-F4 - iwindi elisebenzayo idokhumenti livaliwe, kanti esimweni sesibili ukuphuma kuhlelo lomkhankaso kuphelele. Ngokucindezela i-CTRL ne-ESC, ungavula imenyu yokuqala. Ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela yezihluthulelo ezintathu - CTRL, SHIFT no-N, ungakha ifolda entsha. Ungabiza imenenja yomsebenzi ngokucindezela i-CTRL ne-TAB.

I-Hotkeys ne-WIN inkinobho

Ezimweni eziningi, izinkinobho zekhibhodi ephathekayo noma "ideskithophu" ziqukethe ukhiye we-WIN. Le nkinobho ibonakala njengefulegi eliphathelene ne-Microsoft. Kuwukuthi, ngendlela yayo, ifanelwe uhlelo lwe-Windows. Ngendlela, yafakwa ekwakhiweni kwamakhibhodi maduzane (uma kuqhathaniswa nokuziphendukela kokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezihambisanayo ze-hardware ye-PC) - ngo-1995, ngemva kokungena emakethe yeWindows 95. Kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, ngokuvamile akusebenzi. Yize, lokhu akusiyo njalo - ezinkambisweni eziningi zokusebenza zanamuhla ekhompheni evulekile, imisebenzi esekelwe inkinobho ye-WIN isetshenziswa ngokuphelele ngokugcwele. Noma kunjalo, ukujwayela, okubonisa ukulinganisa ubuchwepheshe, akuyona nje kuphela indawo yehadiwe, kodwa futhi nesofthiwe. Ake sicabangele ukuthi yimaphi amathuba okhiye we-WIN osebenzayo ngokuhambisana namanye amabhathini.

Uma ucindezela ikhi inhlanganisela WINA UP ke ungakwazi phaka isicelo kwewindi esebenzayo ukuze isihenqo esigcwele. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, uma thina esikhundleni kule inhlanganisela ku UP DOWN - kunciphisa iwindi, noma babuyiselwe kunobukhulu balo basekuqaleni. Uma ucindezela WINA umcibisholo "elivulekile ngomqondo" kwewindi esebenzayo idluliswa kuze kufike ohlangothini lwesobunxele kwesikrini. Uma usebenzisa "kwesokudla", shift futhi ifasitela ohlangothini olufanayo. IKHAYA WINA inhlanganisela futhi likuvumela kanyekanye ukunciphisa noma, ukukhulisa wonke amawindi, ngaphandle ukuthi uba asebenzayo. Ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela WINA E kungavula uhlelo, Windows Explorer lwe-Windows. Khulisa noma ukunciphisa isithombe esikrinini kungaba ngokusebenzisa inhlanganisela WINA kanye "+" noma "-". Inhlanganisela WINA F oluqalisa amafayela search uhlelo.

Standardization of "isofthiwe"

Owaziwayo caveat ezibalulekile - konke amaphethini ngenhla isici okhiye ukunqamulela ziyasebenziseka ngokugcwele uma usebenza Windows. Uma umsebenzisi anawo nezinye yesistimu yokusebenza ngesikhathi - ngokwesibonelo, i-Linux, noma i-Google OS, kukhona ke kukhona umehluko-aspect esibophezelayo inhlanganisela izinkinobho imisebenzi ehlukene. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba kwaphawula u eziningi IT-ochwepheshe, universalization ubuchwepheshe abutholakali ezingeni hardware - ukuqokwa okhiye (njengoba sishilo phambilini kulesi sihloko), kodwa futhi endaweni hlelo. Okusho ukuthi, uma sikhuluma izinguqulo wokusebenza ngaphandle-Windows, ngawe abaningi babo ukuqaliswa algorithm "hot" umsebenzi noma ukusebenza, isibonelo, okhiye WINA, ezifana nalezo (uma ezifanayo) kuleyo ekhona ethandwa kakhulu izwe yesistimu yokusebenza.

Phawula futhi ukuthi, ngokomlando, i-Windows - hhayi uhlelo lokuqala lokusebenza, okhiye esasifunda namuhla, aguqulelwe ngaphansi kwazo. Ngesikhathi OS emakethe nelungiselelo ikhibhodi izikhiye obusebenzayo nezinye - ngokufana ncamashí nendlela sibabona manje, noma ngendlela efanayo kakhulu - kwakukhona abangaphezu koyedwa eyishumi. Ngakho, i-kweqiniso asafuna ukukusho ukuthi iningi ukusebenza yokhiye wabizela hhayi kuphela Windows ubuholi, kodwa futhi isizinda esingokomlando.

okutholakele

Ngemva kokutadisha design izici ikhibhodi elisho "amadeskithophu" kanye laptops, singakwazi eziphethweni.

Okokuqala, kukhona iqembu okhiye kokuba eqinile ngokwanele esibophezelayo kwabanye imisebenzi ethize - futhi iningi. Kukhona yena, izinkinobho ezikuvumela ukuthumela imiyalo kusukela kukhompyutha, kuye ngomongo isicelo esithile.

Okwesibili, singabona ezihlukahlukene esikhundleni ebanzi inhlanganisela okhiye ezahlukene. Ezimweni eziningi, angasetshenziswa esikhundleni ephumelelayo igundane, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukusebenzisa i-PC ngaphezulu effektino.

Okwesithathu, singabona ezingeni lelisetulu Standardization hhayi kuphela isici indawo kanye lapho uya khona okhiye, kodwa futhi ezingeni ukuhumusha inhlanganisela ezehlukene ebese Uhlelo PC - uhlelo lokusebenza, izicelo amafayela ukubukwa nokuhlela, iziphequluli.