Ibhuloho ngaphesheya koMfula Amur: isithombe, ubude, ukwakhiwa

Ibhuloho ngaphesheya koMfula Amur ngasemzini Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Kukhona kungenzeka onemizila emibili nasezakhini ithrekhi traffic. Ujantshi laqala ukusebenza ngo-1975, futhi ngo-1981 kakade ubonakele onguthelawayeka. It iphela ibhuloho emzini eKhabarovsk.

ubunjiniyela simangalele

Ibhuloho ngaphesheya koMfula Amur mumbe eKhabarovsk Yakhiwa esikhathini kusuka 1913 kuya eminyakeni 1916-th. Yena babenendlela eyodwa. nombhali lo msebenzi waba LD Proskuryakov. Kwakuhlelwe ukuba wasungula zinomsebenzi kwaloliwe.

Godu bathuthukisa indlela lempi ehamba phezu omunye ezimbili eziseceleni okuyinto zisekelwa console, noma amasondo ngokusebenzisa umgwaqo. Ibhuloho isekela nesishiyagalolunye uhlobo Lesisemkhatsini, nabanye zazakhiwa usebenzisa caissons esishunyekiwe kumuntu ka 19.2 amamitha ukujula. Abayisishiyagalolunye kubona ekhiqizwa usebenzisa steel, kanti bonke abanye - kwagcizelela ukhonkolo kanye nokhuni.

Izakhiwo zafinyelela eduze ibhange kwesokunxele athathe isimo i lwaleli futhi ziyatholakala ogibele. lwaleli Umklami hingeless waba G. P. Peredery owenzela ukukhiqizwa kwawo ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu. Buildings phezu kwengoma kukhona Racks kanye isikebhe sizinze wokuxovela. Ziyisivikelo phezulu has simise parabolic. Izikhwama wabeka eqinile, izingongolo abami egwadle kwenziwe.

Ukwakhiwa ngesikhathi Komsomolsk-on-Amur

Ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho ngaphesheya koMfula Amur Kwakuhlelwe usakhiwa emzaneni Komsomolsk-on-Amur ngo-1932, lapho-ke kwakudingekile ukuxhuma ezimbili emikhawulweni emfuleni Ngokuzayo iBaikal-Amur ahlanganisa imigwaqo emikhulu.

Le phrojekthi ukuthuthukiswa wathatha Lengiprotransmost - sikhungo okwakuvutshelwa ehlongozwayo, kuxuba ezahlukeneyo amathathu ukwakhiwa ukuwela. Ngokusho komunye wabo, lingasuswa elise phakathi komuzi kuyakhiwa, eyesibili neyesithathu - e dash wakhe nangaphansi.

Ngaleso sikhathi, kuze kwebhuloho yonkana Amur ongazange asebenze, izakhamuzi kwakufanele ukusebenzisa isikebhe. Lapho umsebenzi kuqale lo jantshi eKhabarovsk SovGavan, baqala ukusebenzisa isikebhe isitimela hlobo. Winter kwadingeka ngokukhethekile uma iphenduka iqhwa iqhwa kanye udale indlela yesikhashana.

Ngo-1961, umsebenzi umkhankaso ophihliza iqhwa emfuleni uhlobo, owayesebenza ebusika ekwindla. Nge kwakunokwenzeka ukuba zidonse isikhathi nge-navigation. Nokho, le sayithi ayakudzinga yokushintsha nokuthuthukiswa.

Emazwini esenzweni

Ngemva ukubambezeleka kakhulu, ngo-1969 saqala ukwakha ibhuloho ngaphesheya koMfula Amur. Ukwakhiwa kwemisebenzi zaphela ngo-1974. Kungxenye yokugcina kwaba yezinsika eziyisishiyagalolunye lapho kwebhuloho owawuse. Kugcine zesikhashana uhlobo isakhiwo esungulwe Septhemba 26, 1975-th.

Kuvulwa kwaba onesizotha ngoba into ine ukubaluleka ezinkulukazi esiwusizo bonke abasebenzisi bayo. Lengentiwa ukwedlulela yensimbi izindlela. Ngosuku lokuqala, lapho eqala umsebenzi wakhe leli phuzu kuso sagibela isitimela ebelithwele abagibeli. Kuphelile lapha ukusebenza izikebhe, ayesetshenziselwa engamashumi amathathu ekuqaleni.

Uma kuhlelelwa umthwalo bukhoma kwaloliwe sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi kanye ngezimoto izindlela ngaphakathi Ukucaciswa ekhona lobuchwepheshe namazinga ukwakhiwa. Ukwakhiwa okuyinto kwebhuloho ngaphesheya koMfula Amur abangu ukusungulwa kwamabutho Mostotryad Komsomolsk ezihlobene ukwethemba "Mostostroy-8."

izinto zobuchwepheshe obuphambili

Eziyimisebenzi kuwumgogodla kwagcizelela izakhiwo zikakhonkolo ukuthi ukusekela nezipani ukwakha ngendlela enobunye ngenxa izitimela izimoto imizila emibili. Le ndawo senzelwe ukudlula izimoto, ivuliwe kubakaki. Basuke etholakala engxenyeni engezansi uma kuhlobene nezinga nezipani w / d.

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu isakhiwo omkhulu kuyinto elihlanganisa yonkana Amur. Ubude bayo ayizinkulungwane 1.4. Amamitha, ukuphakama ngaphezu kogu lolwandle kuba 24 amamitha.

Lapho ukwakhiwa kwakwenzekani lapha kuka-1970 no-1971, owokuqala eliyingqayizivele ngesikhathi indlela Soviet yokudala izingongolo lasetshenziswa. Ayaziwa ukusetshenziswa amakholomu, simi esisekelweni kwagcizelela amagobolondo ukhonkolo kokuba ububanzi 3 m. Le ndlela asifunda ngentuthuko K. Silin, ne umehluko kuphela ukuthi isikhishiwe caisson isisekelo, ngokuvamile ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha lezinto kokuba isinqumo high, okuyinto yagcwalisa Trans-Siberian .

Ukuze aqinise a isikhumba Bedrock ukujula, wasebenzisa imishini jet-ipayipi uhlobo, okuyinto futhi kwaba isenzakalo esiyingqayizivele umsebenzi ofanayo nge hlabathini onamadwala.

Umsebenzi abathintekayo uphiko oluyisipesheli isetshenziswe ezingxenyeni ezinemiqondo imishini - RTB-600. Siqukethe amapayipi ezintathu okuyothi ngalo thuluzi sizungeziswe futhi lingase libhujiswe idwala. Kubonakala sengathi i-izingcezu Isigaxa.

nokuqina

Lapho ulwelwesi ebhapathizwa futhi nenani elifinyelela oyifunayo, ligcwele mix ukhonkolo nge ipayipi ezihambayo thwi. Khona-ke uyahamba ngokuhlangana takhiwo kwagcizelela enezisekelo zikakhonkolo, ukusetshenziswa ishidi enqwabelanisa uhlobo, okungekhona banamathela asekelayo izakhiwo. igobolondo ngamunye ifinyelele 3 metres ububanzi. Inombolo ephelele izakhi kuyinto amayunithi 304.

Izinhlaka Monolithic ukwenza njenge asekelayo amadivaysi. izakhi Lesisemkhatsini abe egwadle ebheke wamkhomba ngaphezulu. Kwakuyisenzo esasibonisa ophihliza iqhwa nge usiko, ibekwe ngenhla. Kulezi amaphepha sasebenzisa egwadle, okuyinto limbiwa Trikratninskom Kiesovskom nasezinkwalini.

Otherness

i ezokuthutha obalulekile Akukhona nje, kodwa futhi into amasu empi engase ngokuthi ibhuloho ngaphesheya koMfula Amur. Photo ikhono layo ukubonakalisa okuhilelekile design njengoba kusho enye incwadi.

Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi kocingo kukhona wire, zikleliswe ambalwa imigqa nge imibhoshongo ukuphepha kanye bunkers. Ngu design akumele enophephela Abahamba kanye nabahamba ngezinyawo. Ngakwesokunxele ungabona ingxenye ukuphi ukusebenza lempi. Ngo nezinjongo zokuqeqesha ngaphambi kwakusetshenziswa imodeli amancane inguquko. Uma uvula kwebhuloho ngesikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma umoya unamandla, ingazizwa sengathi wahosha design. Lokhu kungenxa obuphelele yayo enhle.

Bobabili amabhuloho - mumbe eKhabarovsk futhi Komsomolsk-on-Amur - kukhona ehlukile ngoba zabo izakhiwo isikhathi. Bangakwazi nje kuphela ngokuthi imigwaqo phakathi amabhange ezimbili, kodwa futhi aphuma okudlule esizayo isayensi.