I-stabilizer yendiza. Jikelele idivayisi nokulawula izindiza

Yini esiyayiyazi mayelana nokuqiniswa kwezindiza? Abaningi bezakhamuzi bavele bahlukumeze amahlombe abo. Labo abathanda i-physics esikoleni bangase bakwazi ukukhuluma amagama ambalwa, kodwa, yiqiniso, ochwepheshe bazokwazi ukuphendula lo mbuzo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, lena yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuthi iyiphi indiza engenakwenzeka.

Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo sendiza

Uma ucela ukudweba izindiza eziningana ezindala, izithombe zizofana cishe futhi zizohluka kuphela emininingwaneni. Ukuhlelwa kwezindiza kuzobonakala kanje: i-cabin, amaphiko, i-fuselage, ingaphakathi nokubiza okuthiwa umsila. Omunye uzodonsa ama-portholes, futhi othile uzokhohlwa ngabo, mhlawumbe ezinye izinto ezingezansi ziyolahlekelwa. Mhlawumbe, abaculi ngeke bakwazi ukuphendula ukuthi yimiphi imininingwane edingekayo, asivele sicabange ngakho, nakuba sibona izindiza zivame ukuhlala, ezithombeni nasemabhayisikobho nakwi-TV kuphela. Futhi lokhu, eqinisweni, yilungiselelo oluyisisekelo lendiza - konke okunye, uma kuqhathaniswa nalokhu, kuyisimo esincane nje. I-fuselage namaphiko kusetshenziselwa ukuphakanyiswa kahle kwezindiza emoyeni, i-cockpit ilawulwa, futhi abagibeli noma izimpahla zisegumbini. Pho, kuthiwani ngemifino yomsila, kuyini? Akuyona ubuhle ngemva kwakho konke?

Umsila womsila

Labo abashayela imoto, bazi kahle ukuthi bangahamba kanjani eceleni: kufanele nje uguqule isondo lokushayela, ngemva kwalokho amasondo ayohamba. Kodwa indiza yinto ehlukile, ngoba ayikho imigwaqo emoyeni, futhi ezinye izindlela zidingeka ukuze zilawulwe. Lapha, isayensi ehlanzekile iyaqala ukudlala: inqwaba yamandla ahlukene asebenza kumshini ohamba ngezinyawo, futhi lezo eziwusizo ziyakhuliswa, kanti konke okunciphisa kuncishisiwe, ngenxa yalokho ibhalansi ethile ifinyelelwa.

Cishe, cishe wonke umuntu owabona i-aircraft empilweni yakhe wagxila ekwakhiweni okuyinkimbinkimbi emsila wakhe - i-plumage. Le yingxenye encane kakhulu, engavamile, elawula wonke lo mshini omkhulu, awuphoqeleli ukuguqula kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuthola noma ukulahla ukuphakama. Iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: eziqondile futhi ezizungezile, ezibuye zihlukanise kabili. Isigqoko sinye futhi amabili: enye isebenza ukusetha isiqondiso sokunyakaza, kanti enye - ukuphakama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona nengxenye esebenza ngayo ukuqina kwe-aircraft isikhathi eside.

Ngendlela, ukuqiniswa kwezindiza kungatholakali kuphela engxenyeni yayo yangemuva. Kodwa okuningi ngalokhu kamuva.

Stabilizer

Isikimu samanje sendiza sihlinzeka ngemininingwane eminingi edingekayo ukugcina ukuphepha kwezindiza nabagibeli bayo kuzo zonke izigaba zezindiza. Futhi, mhlawumbe, okuyinhloko yi-stabilizer etholakala ngemuva kwesakhiwo. Empeleni, ibha nje, ngakho-ke kuyamangalisa ukuthi imininingwane encane kangaka ingathinta kanjani ukuhamba kwezindiza ezinkulu. Kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu - uma le ngxenye ihlehla, indiza ingaqeda kakhulu kakhulu. Isibonelo, ngokusho kwe-version esemthethweni, kwakuyi-stable stabilizer eyabangela ukuwa kwamanje komgibeli eBoing e-Rostov-on-Don. Ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe bamazwe ngamazwe, ukungabonakali kwezenzo zabashayeli bezindiza kanye nephutha lenye yezobangela enye yezingxenye zomunyo womsila, ukudlulisela ukuqiniswa kwisimo sokuma esiqongweni. Abasebenzi babengazange bakwazi ukwenza noma yini ukuvimbela ukushayisana. Ngenhlanhla, ukwakha izindiza akumeli, futhi indiza ngayinye elandelako inikeza isikhala esincane sento yomuntu.

Imisebenzi

Njengoba igama lisho, i-stabilizer yezindiza ilawula ukuhamba kwayo. Ngokuqeda nokunciphisa ezinye izintaba nokudlidliza, kwenza indiza ibusheleleke futhi iphephile. Njengoba ukuphambuka kusendaweni emibili neyizingqimba, i-stabilizer nayo ilawulwa ngezindlela ezimbili - ngakho-ke, iqukethe izingxenye ezimbili. Zingaba nomklamo ohluke kakhulu, kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni nenjongo yendiza, kodwa kunoma yikuphi lapho kukhona khona kunoma iyiphi indiza yanamuhla.

Ingxenye evulekile

Inesibopho sokulinganisela, hhayi ukuvumela umshini manje ukuthi "ugxume", futhi uqukethe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko. Eyokuqala kwalokhu yindawo eqondile, eqinisweni, ukuqinisa ukuphakama kwezindiza. Esikhathini esingaphansi kwalesi sigaba sinamathiselwe okwesibili - isondo lokuqondisa elihlinzeka ukulawula.

Kuhlelo olujwayelekile lwe-aerodynamic, i-stabilizer enezingqimba ikhona emsila. Kodwa-ke, kunezakhiwo lapho kukhona phambi kwephiko noma kukhona ezimbili zazo - zangaphambili nangemuva. Kukhona okuthiwa okuthiwa "ama-tailless" noma "ama-flying wings", ngokuvamile angenawo amaphuphu angemuva.

Ingxenye ecacile

Le ngxenye inikeza indiza ngokuzinza kwesiqondiso esivela endizeni, ingawuvumeli ukuba ugqoke ukusuka kolunye uhlangothi. Lona futhi umklamo wekhamera, ohlinzeka ngokuqiniswa okuqondile kwezindiza, noma nge-keel, kanye nesigqila esikhwameni.

Le ngxenye, njengephiko, kuye ngezinhloso nezici ezidingekayo, ingaba nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Ukuhlukahluka kufinyelelwa nangokwehlukana endaweni ehambisana nayo yonke indawo kanye nokwengezwa kwezingxenye ezengeziwe, njenge-forkill noma i-ridral ridge.

Uhlobo nokuhamba

Mhlawumbe ethandwa kakhulu ekushayeleni kwezindiza manje yi-T-formed plumage, lapho ingxenye egciniwe iphela ekugcineni kwe-keel. Noma kunjalo, kunezinye ezinye.

Kwase kusetshenziselwa amaphampu ase-V okwesikhathi esithile, lapho izingxenye zombili zombili zenze umsebenzi womabili futhi oqondile ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukuphathwa okunzima nokusebenza ngendlela encane akuzange kuvumele ukuthi le nketho isakaze kabanzi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kune-plane eyisihlukanisi somsila ohlukanisiwe, lapho izingxenye zayo zingaba ngakwesokunene kwe-fuselage ngisho nasemaphikweni.

Ngokuqondene nokuhamba, ngokuvamile izindawo ezizinzile zizinzile ngokuqondile nomzimba. Noma kunjalo, kunezinketho, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa emahlathini angenhla.

Uma ungashintsha i-angle ehlobene ne-axis longitudinal emhlabathini, ukuqiniswa kwalolu hlobo kuthiwa kuyashintshashintsha. Uma ukulawulwa kwe-aircraft stabilizer kungase kwenzeke emoyeni, kuyoba yiselula. Lokhu kuvamile kulabo abagibeli abakhulu abadinga ukulinganisa okwengeziwe. Okokugcina, ezimotweni ezihamba phambili, kusetshenziselwa ukuqiniswa kwesibhamu sezindiza, futhi kudlala indima ye-elevator.