I-DAC umsindo: test indlela

Akuwona wonke umsebenzisi computer uyaqaphela ukuthi empeleni kuyinto DAC. I izwi lingezwakali konke, kodwa lokho indlela isingathwa, njengoba kuvela, kukhona iyunithi ngokwayo. Ngokucabangela isihloko kuyodingeka kancane ujule ubunjalo ukuqonda umsindo kanye namadivayisi ekukhiqizweni ke.

Iyini i-DAC? Umsindo: nolwazi oluyisisekelo

Abanye abantu ngephutha bakholelwa ukuthi i-DAC - iyona central processor umsindo. Ngokwengxenye ngoba. Kodwa eqinisweni, i-DAC kuyinto imvamisa-to-analog lokuguqulela, okushintsha isignali alalelwayo, futhi uhlobo enjalo, okuyinto ziqondakala indlebe yomuntu.

Lapha udinga umehluko phakathi kusiginali yedijithali futhi analog. Ubuchwepheshe asetshenziswe "sibalo" noma uma digitizing alalelwayo, lubandakanya amasofutiwe ukucutshungulwa amasu, yingakho abalandeli abaningi amarekhodi vinyl ukulalela irekhodi ezifanayo CD / DVD-ngemoto kungukuthi kuphela ngenxa yokuntuleka ukugaya ethize esikhishwa ikhanda idayimane umdlali uma uthinta ipuleti .

Analog ukucutshungulwa yaqale esetshenziswa tube yokukhulisa umsindo esondweni sicophamavi. Amadivayisi anjalo zisekhona bemthanda abaculi professional abazama ukuze ungeze umsindo izingoma zakhe ukushisa ezinye.

imvamisa izici

Umuntu osanda kuphenduka umsindo DAC reproducible, kuncike kudivayisi isignali okukhipha, ngamanye amazwi, ikhadi umsindo. Kodwa akugcini lapho. A indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa izikhulumi izikhulumi efanayo (isikhulumi) kanye yokukhulisa umsindo.

Lapha kumelwe siqonde ukuthi akukho ndlela ukukhiqiza kabusha umsindo nemingcele ngezansi amathuba saundkarty. Namhlanje, uma ungenawo bangene imininingwane ukusebenza amadivayisi ezinjalo, okungcono kuyinto izici ezilandelayo:

• nobuningi amasampuli at 48 kHz (at ejwayelekile 44,1 kHz);
• 24 noma 32 izingcezu ukujula (nakuba standard 16 izingcezu);
• bit 320 kbit / s nangaphezulu (nakuba indinganiso 128 kb / s).

Izinketho ezingaphezulu Ukucinga

Njengoba imvamisa imingcele kumelwe acabangele yokuthi umsindo DAC Ungakwazi ukuguqula usebenzisa nemingcele umsindo ziqondakala indlebe yomuntu. Kuwufanele ukugxila kulokho esikuzwayo.

Ukulinganiselwa ezindlebeni zethu basukela 16 Hz kuya ku-20 kHz (futhi ngezinye izikhathi 22 noma ngisho 24, kodwa lokhu akuvamile). Futhi zonke DAC umsindo ezinkulu iphathwa kuleli banga. stop Landelayo nendlela yokuhlola, ehlongozwayo ngu omunye ethandwa kakhulu imithombo inthanethi.

Proposed DAC inqubo yokuhlola

Ukuze ukuhlola kumadivayisi angaphandle ngokuvamile athathwe, hhayi ihlanganiswe saundkart ngoba okukholelwa ukuthi izimfanelo umyalelo ezidlula ephansi kuqhathaniswa imishini zangaphandle.

Ngamagama kusetshenziswa umsindo wekhwalithi ephezulu ku-DAC lihlolwe ngesisekelo AudioDoctor FSQ 2006 ubuchwepheshe, Nokho, okuyinto, ekuqaleni yakhelwe ukuhlola izinhlelo umsindo wemoto, futhi kuphela kamuva ingashintshwa ukuze imvelo ekhaya. Amadivayisi, ukubizwa ngokuthi i-DAC, ixhunyiwe ngqo nge-USB esibonakalayo futhi S / PDIF usebenzisa RCA okukhiphayo ongenakulinganisela (okukhiphayo olinganiselayo XLR ingase ibonise nezakhi ezihlukene kakhulu).

indima siqu wabelwa Converter M2Tech HiFace Evo, by oguqula amafayela ngefomethi efundekayo kakhulu. Ukuhlolelwa igciwane lesandulela ngculazi saziso wawenziwa usebenzisa ASIO abashayeli.

Isilinganiselwa DAC chip ku umsindo

Lokho kwabonisa umphumela? Isilinganiselwa DAC ku umsindo efana okulandelayo:

• ASUS Essence III;
• Burson lomsindo Conductor Virtuoso 9018;
• Cary lomsindo DAC100;
• Chord 2Qute;
• Densen DenDAC 50;
• Fostex HP-A8;
• North Star Design Supremo;
• Na-HA-1.

Ukulandelana kunemibandela kakhulu, ngoba ngokuvamile ezimele nakakhulu izici umsindo, futhi intengo.

Nokho, Cary lomsindo kulolu hlu ikhombisa ukusebenza eliphezulu kakhulu futhi umsindo, futhi stereo ukunwetshwa. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ukuthi isilinganiso umsindo DAC kuhlanganisa ezinye izici undocumented yalolu hlobo device.

Ukusebenzisa amakhadi umsindo

Zidlulisele zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa emakhadini umsindo. Kanjani-DAC? Sound (Umgomo we operation ukuqinisekisile) ivezwa esekelwe ukuguqulwa isignali digital ngaso kokufaka ikhodi kanambambili, inani ngalinye okuhambelana zihlala zinamandla athile, zamanje nezesikhathi kwenkokhelo.

amadivaysi ADC bahlinza isimiso reverse. Kodwa uma ubheka nje kuya-DAC, umsindo, incazelo ukuguqulwa iluphi okuzoxoxwa ngalo ngezansi ivezwa kuphela ngesisekelo ikhodi input. Ukuze uhlelo lwayo bezibona isebenzisa standard PCM ubuchwepheshe. Abaningi, mhlawumbe, sinake ukuthi indinganiso WAV-amafayela ibhalwe ngokukhethekile njengoba PCM.

Kodwa ambalwa kuphela itholakale DAC. I processing isignali umsindo nokukhiqizwa akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amathuluzi isofthiwe ezifanele ngokuthi amakhodekhi. Bamane elalakhelwe saundkarta ingaze idatha angenayo nokuzala umsindo izikhulumi. Amakhodekhi futhi converters kulokhu isenzo elihlanganisa ikhodi ethile zezinombolo kanye 'nensimbi' kudivayisi (efana kanjani IDirectX).

amakhadi Sound, lapho isisekelo ukusetshenziswa i-DAC, wena ikakhulu okuhlobene kumadivayisi angaphandle, hhayi esikhiphekayo, efakwe embobeni phezu umbadlana, ingasaphathwa okuhlangene umsindo chips efana Intel lomsindo futhi Realtek.

I-DAC (yangaphandle umsindo mojuli kwakusho) uyakwazi sicubungula izindlela zalo siqu (salokhu wadala). Kodwa ukuba adlulisele isignali kusetshenzwe kudivayisi ukudlala udinga ukuba nokuthi isebenza kahle. Futhi lapha ngaphandle kokulawula Ukuqalisa izinhlelo, ngokuthi abashayeli, nalolo.

abashayeli kudivayisi

Iningi lamakhadi umsindo nhlelo anoma yiluphi uhlobo ngokuzenzakalela. Abashayeli ezifakiwe database ayo. Kodwa, amanye amadivayisi kungenzeka zidinga ukufakwa manual, hhayi kuphela abashayeli, kodwa futhi amakhodekhi ezihambisana (isibonelo, ngabe iphakheji K-Lite Ikhodekhi Pack).

Hhayi ukuthi bahlanganyele lolu hlobo nenqubo zonke DAC ukukhiqiza ukufakwa ezinhle umsindo noma buyekeza abashayeli (ungawadinga usesikhathini), okungcono ngosizo ekhethekile gxeka izibuyekezo software. Esinye salezo kuyinto Driver Ukulekelela Umbuso indawo ekuqaleni afinyelelwe kumtfombolusito Inthanethi hardware umakhi, bese ulanda idivayisi yakamuva kakhulu umshayeli ngokuzenzakalelayo kuthola futhi luhlanganisa ke ohlelweni.

isofthiwe

ukucutshungulwa umsindo ngokusebenzisa i-DAC akunakwenzeka ngaphandle isofthiwe efanele. Mayelana amakhodekhi nabashayeli isivele wathi. Kodwa lapha ebeka izinga elilungile umsindo, noma ngisho ukucutshungulwa komsindo, njengoba onjiniyela abaningi umsindo, asikwazanga ikhiqizwa ngaphandle kwezindleko ezinkulu ukusetshenziswa software.

Ingasaphathwa ukufakwa abashayeli, kuyatuseka ukuba uhlelo lwekhompyutha like SoundMax. Amathuluzi anjalo, ngokungafani uhlelo lokusebenza efanayo amathuluzi akuvumela kahle kutsha.

Ukuze kusebenzeke umsindo kungcono ukusebenzisa abahleli ezikhethekile, lapho, ngasendleleni, ungashintsha ngisho izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo, kuhlanganise lesampuli nokujula. Uma ASIO4ALL abashayeli basuke efakwe parallel e umsindo kakhulu Tuning iphaneli ukushintsha izici ezifana nenani amasampula (isib 512, okuhambelana ngesilinganiso kunqanda 10 ms), ingasaphathwa izinga umsindo (isib ukubaluleka setha akuyona 44100 Hz, futhi , uthi, 48 noma 96 kHz).

Ubuchwepheshe Hambayo

Kuhle umsindo smartphone yakho ne-DAC kungaba ngokungenasizathu kakhulu ukulinganisa. Cabanga nje, ngoba i-ekukhiqizweni imisindo ephansi is babedinga elihambisana isipikha ububanzi 32 amayintshi okufanayo. Futhi lapho efonini noma kuthebulethi yakho, kuzothatha?

Nokho, okuthandayo kumele inikwe abakhiqizi okunguyena kwasekuqaleni isebangeni njengoba izibulo emkhakheni signal processing kanye abasunguli yalolu hlobo ubuchwepheshe. Sony Corporation - isiqinisekiso yesiteleka.

Uma ukhetha ukuthi idivayisi onobuhle izindlu plastic encomekayo, ngoba ibonisa umsindo kuzo ngezici zabo kanye nezinga iphezulu kakhulu. Metal umzimba ngisho noma ukufakwa Converter enamandla kakhulu bheka buthaka kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa nje yokuthi kwensimbi ubamba umsindo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emikhulu isikhala phakathi kwamakhamera ocingo nokuzala ilawudispikha futhi ikhava yangemuva, ngcono reflection. Kodwa kufanele Ungeqisi it, njengoba inkulu kakhulu a imvume kungabangela imiphumela emibi, Reverb noma kanyekanye neqembu, noma ngaphezulu nje, umsindo siphazamisekile enguqulweni yayo yasekuqaleni.

Izici ezengeziwe

Njengoba kusobala le-DAC umsindo ukucutshungulwa esekelwe ikhodi digital kanambambili, usebenzisa ushintsho voltage imvamisa. Kodwa lapha kumele sizwisise ukuthi kuphela izici ezinjalo lolu hlobo idivayisi ayigcini. Phakathi kwazo zonke nemingcele asetshenziswa incazelo ngayinye DAC zingatholakala amagugu eziningi eziyinqaba efana imvamisa-wave PCM ukushintshashintsha kwezwi nemingcele. Lokhu kufana poro Isimiso esiyisisekelo ngokuphelele zonke converters.

Endabeni elula, ukuhlaziya isignali okufakwayo kanye ukuguqulwa kusekelwe isimiso efingqa amagugu voltage, zamanje kanye icala okuyizinto ngokuya digital kungathatha noma ukubaluleka zero noma eyodwa (okusekelwe izimo kwesicelo ikhodi kanambambili).

Endaweni ehlukile, kuyafaneleka ukunaka nemingcele ezifana kancane, ngezinye izikhathi obizwa nangokuthi isinqumo, noma isinyathelo quantization, isici ukudluliselwa imvamisa Nyquist (amasampuli), uhla isignali okufakwayo imingcele, monotonicity, okukhiphayo ekushayweni ngokushintsha idatha ku kwenkathi ethile yesikhathi, iphutha offset phakathi langempela isignali kanye nemingcele wathola njengenhlangano "enhle", ebalulekile futhi umehluko non-linearity izici ezihlukile umehluko ebonwe ziyakhula O amasignali dnyh.

kungase kungahambisani a Transistor esinikezwe isignali ithunyelwa DAC ukubaluleka binary code ngalinye. Wiring converters zihlukaniswe kuqondane and serial. Noma kunjalo, bona bephendukela kwabanye amasayithi amapayipi, uxhumana okukhiphayo.

Iningi amadivayisi eyakhelwe esekelwe matrix R - 2R, okungenye yezinhlaka ezisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi okwamanje lisetshenziswa izakhiwo usebenzisa ezimbili kuphela amanani yokumelana, phakathi nokuba isilinganiso 2: 1. Ngakho, i-DAC kuyehla kube izindlela ezimbili ukuhlolwa: ukuzimisela voltage samanje evamile futhi ukuhlanekezela vidiyo. Lokhu ephumelelisa ukuqinisela we ipharamitha impedance kanye nokuntuleka imisinga capacitive. Kodwa ububi wukuthi umthombo esiyinhloko isimo okuyinkomba khona impedance aphansi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunakwenzeka ukuba uthumele isignali ukusebenzisa Resistor ixhumeke kochungechunge umthombo inkomba. Kodwa kule scheme, uxhumano ngokuvamile akudingeki ukwenza phansi.

Kufanele futhi usho lo okuthiwa i-delta-sigma bashintshashintshe izwi, bahlabe obhekene ezingeni imvamisa izibonelo zalokho. Ukuguqulwa (quantization) wenziwa nomunye kwenkokhiso, okuyinto amashumi ngisho namakhulu izikhathi kungaba idlule eziyisisekelo Nyquist imvamisa. Lemifanekiso yengetiwe lisetshenziswe omunye esiteji isignali ukuguqulwa, kanambambili ikhodi ukulandelana izinguquko ngokungeza amaqanda kuya ongaphakeme-imvamisa idatha ukusakaza namayunithi - I-imvamisa high.

Njengoba kucaca ukuthi iningi babashayeli kukhona kokubili esiphezulu asebenzayo futhi esisheshayo lapho ukuhlola ukunemba kuphela siyithola lapho usebenzisa nentaba ezincane kunazo zonke ukugeleza reverse, okuyinto kunciphisa inductance samakhebula futhi, ngenxa yalokho, - ukwehlisa umsindo. Ngo ngisho isiginci imiphumela isinyathelo inganikelwa njengesibonelo. Guitarists ukwazi ukuthi eside ikhebula kusukela isiginci kuya "amagajethi", kulapho ngemuva. Lesi simo engcono utjengisa ukukhambelana ukuqonda lodaba.

I-DAC ukuba umthwalo kungenziwa kuxhumene ngokuqondile. Kodwa ukuze lokhu ingasetshenziswa ezifana zinamandla noma inverting op amp oyibamba njengoba sesikhashana noma ukufanisa idivayisi eyengeziwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi kufanele sikhuleke umbuzo isisekelo yiluphi uhlelo. Sincoma ukuthi usebenzise ukudala sites ehlukile ingxenye digital futhi analog, ngoba ngomsindo owawenziwa izingxenye digital kungaba nomthelela ingxenye analog senethiwekhi. Lokhu kufezwa ngokusebenzisa ucingo mncane noma usebenzisa izingqimba ezimbili yangaphakathi double ngembobo.

esikhundleni umphumela

Yiqiniso, zikhona ezinye izimiso zesayensi babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli ngisho into yezobuchwepheshe ukuthi umsebenzisi ezejwayelekile Ngokuvamile, kuba yalutho. Kodwa, ku umcabango wesibili, ngezinye izikhathi ithiyori yolwazi kungaba wusizo kakhulu. Kungokufanayo uhla ikhadi umsindo ngeke akwenze ngaphandle ulwazi izici eziyinhloko mayelana nemigomo ukusebenza kwawo futhi ukusebenza efanele ngcondvomshini.

Mhlawumbe abanye abantu abangazange okwamanje waqaphela ukuthi abampofu izinga umsindo izikhulumi, ngokuqondile ahlobene imishini esetshenziswa. Ngakho saundkarta esetshenziselwa ekukhiqizweni aguqukile isignali tedijithali injalo analog, kufanele kube kuphela uhlobo zangaphandle. Kuyinto laba amadivaysi bekuvumela ukuba ukuzwa konke okuhlanganiswe noma idivayisi esikhiphekayo ingadlali. Kukholakala ukuthi amaphesenti angu-80 amacala, inkinga itholakala ngokunembile kuleli. By the way, amasevisi amaningi afana iTunes, Spotify noma enye into, "ngensimbi" nje ngaphansi ukusetshenziswa DAC. Kukhona ngisho ekhethekile uMpheme weNsiza yeDeskithophu ngesimo amadivayisi yangaphandle exhunywe iPod yakho, ingasaphathwa nezinye izinto ephathekayo.

Nakanjani ukuthi akusiyo indima yokugcina idlalwa ngu ohlelweni isikhulumi noma ama-headphone, ngoba evamile akhiphe umsindo isikhulumi, amathuba elinganiselwe umsindo izici ezingeni 20-10 000 Hz, akunakwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, iningi amadivayisi ngesimo ama-headphone akufanele isetshenziswe for izinhlelo mobile. Uma kuziwa ukuthi, kungani hhayi ukulalela umculo nge-headphone K99, ekhiqizwa yi-AKG, noma usebenzise amathuluzi anjengaleli kusukela Sennheiser? Nokho, ukukhetha namuhla ngokuvamile ezazizinkulu ngokwanele.

Ngokwazi ukuhlolwa ubuchwepheshe, eye okuxoxwe ngazo ngenhla, akunakwenzeka ukuqonda ngaphandle kolwazi okungenani eziyisisekelo physics ukuchaza ubunjalo amaza omsindo, ngisho ubunjiniyela kagesi, ngoba lesi siyalo ihlinzeka ngohlaka ukuqonda kunoma iyiphi wesifunda kagesi. Futhi-ke, lapho banikwa ukwaziswa kuphela isifinyezo eziyisisekelo mayelana le converters isignali. Ukuze ukuqonde ngokwengeziwe ukukhuluma ngalolu daba, kuyatuseka ukufunda izincwadi ezengeziwe.