I-Aluminium etching ekhaya

Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-aluminium (imikhiqizo evela kule nsimbi) kwenziwa ukuze kuhlanzeke ubuso bayo kusuka phezulu, ungqimba okungadingekile noma ukugqwala. Kukhona nokuhlukahluka okunjalo - ukubethelwa kwezobuciko, lapho kubalulekile ukudweba umdwebo phezu kwengxenye yensimbi.

Izinhlobo ze-etching

Ukwakhiwa kwezinsimbi ngokujwayelekile kanye ne-aluminium ikakhulukazi kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko: amakhemikhali kanye ne-galvanic. Indlela yokugcina imane nje yobuciko.

Endabeni yamakhemikhali: umkhiqizo ufakwa esitsheni lapho isisombululo se-hydrochloric noma i-sulfuric acid sithunyelwa ngaphambili. Ngendlela efanayo, i-aluminium billet isetshenziswe nge-alkali, isibonelo, i-caustic soda.

I-galvanic (ngaphandle kwalokho - i-electrolytic noma i-electrochemical) ingenxa yebhethri kagesi. Inqubo ngokwayo iyenziwa ebhodini elikhethekile, lapho kukhona i-anode ne-cathode.

Okulandelayo, ngayinye yezindlela zokwakheka kwe-aluminium zizoxoxwa ngokuningiliziwe. Thola nokuthi iyiphi indlela ephephile ekhaya.

Ukufakwa kwe-aluminium nge-asidi

Ngenxa yokuthi ama-acid aqinile kakhulu asetshenziswa kule nqubo, okokuqala kudingekile ukugcina izinyathelo zokuqapha lapho usebenza nabo. Opharetha kufanele agqoke amagilavu, i-mask, i-apron. Kubalulekile ukuthi igumbi lapho inqubo ngokwayo iqhutshwa khona kahle. Ukungabi namakhono athile futhi ngaphandle kwemishini ethile yokuzivikela ukusebenza ne-acids ayinconywa.

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, umkhiqizo we-aluminium ufakwa esitsheni nge-asidi. Ngokuvamile, uma i-alkalium esebenzisa amakhemikhali, i-asidi isebenzisa ama-reagents alandelayo: i-hydrochloric acid noma i-sulfuric acid. Lapho bexhumana nensimbi, kukhishwa i-hydrogen. Ngaphandle kubukeka kanje: ubuso bomkhiqizo buhlanganiswe nama-bubbles amancane. Kodwa, ngokuyisisekelo, lokhu kungavinjelwa uma isithako esikhethekile singeziwe kusengaphambili. Ngakho-ke, insimbi izovikelwa kusuka kuma-bubbles yifilimu ye-thinnest.

Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu: yonke imisebenzi yokwenza umkhiqizo ovela ku-aluminium ne-asidi kumele yenziwe ngokuqinile, ukuze ubuso bezitshalo ngokwawo buhlale buqinile.

Indlela echazweyo inconywa ukuba yenziwe ezincwadini ezenziwe ngokhuni noma ukhonkolo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingaphakathi laso kumele lihlanganiswe namathayili a-asidi ukuze iindonga zesitsha zingagodli.

Le ndlela ayisetshenzisiwe ekusebenzeni kaningi.

Ukuxhuma kwe-Aluminium

Ngokuvamile, le ndlela isebenzisa isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide (okuhlukile noma okungenakho izithasiselo kungenzeka).

Futhi isetshenziselwa ukuhlanza umkhiqizo we-aluminium kusuka ku-oxide noma i-grease engadingekile futhi uthole indawo elula (ematheni noma emnyama).

Kungani udinga ukuyihlanza ngokuphelele? Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi umkhiqizo oqediwe (isibonelo, izakhi zokuhlobisa izakhiwo, ama-plates) anesimo esihle. Futhi futhi le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukuqoshwa okujulile.

Indlela yokukhetha i-alkalium alkali, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayithengi, kodwa inzima kakhulu.

Izici zale ndlela

Izixazululo ezisetshenziselwa ziqukethe i-sodium yesine kuya kweshumi. Ukushisa ngesikhathi se-alkali kungama-40-90 degrees Celsius.

Uma kunesidingo, ukuze uthole ukugqoka okucwebezelayo emshini wokusebenza, sebenzisa i-moisturizer noma isithasiselo esikhethekile.

Ukushisa okuphakathi phakathi kwenqubo yizigaba ezingamashumi ayisithupha. Kulezi zindinganiso ezishisayo ukuthi ukuhlanzwa kwekhwalithi kuyenzeka.

Ukuhlanzeka okuphelele kwe-aluminium kuyinto engu-99.5%, kanti ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo se-sodium hydroxide yi-10, 15, noma i-20%.

Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokuphendula, i-aluminium iyaqedwa ku-caustic soda, kuyilapho i-hydrogen ishicilelwe. Ngenxa yalokho, kuhlanganiswa i-aluminate eyakhiwe, futhi ikhona kuphela kwisisombululo se-alkali.

Izinqubo ezengeziwe ezenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhethwa nge-alkali

Phakathi nale nqubo, kancane kancane inani le-caustic soda liba lincane. Futhi ngaleyo ndlela ijubane lenqubo ngokwayo linciphisa, kodwa i-viscosity iyanda.

Ukucabanga ukuthi ayikho i-caustic soda eyengeziwe nhlobo, ukusabela kungancipha kakhulu. Kodwa ngenxa yalokho, isixazululo esibomvu noma esihlanzekile se-etching aluminium siba mhlophe.

Futhi kusukela kulo mzuzwana ijubane lenqubo landa.

Ngenxa yokusabela, i-alumina hydrate iyancipha ibe yinkimbinkimbi, ebonakala sengathi imisiwe. Kanti futhi kukhona i-soda caustic, okudingeka futhi ukuze inqubo yokudonsa iqhubeke.

Imiphumela yendlela yokubuza

Kuye kwaqaphela ukuthi isisombululo se-caustic soda esetshenziswa ngokujulile lapho kusetshenzwa khona kuqala "ukumisa" i-aluminium. Futhi lokhu kwenzeka kuze kube yilapho inani le-caustic soda liyancipha libe yinye-yesine yevolumu yokuqala. Futhi emva kwalokho inqubo izoqhubeka ne-soda yamahhala, i-caustic eguquguqukayo enomthamo wayo. Futhi lokhu, kuxhomeke ekushiseni, imvamisa yokusetshenziswa nokuqina kwezimiso (ukuyeka).

Kulesi simo, i-hydrate iyancipha kancane kancane noma ifake ama-crystals ezansi kanye / noma izinhlangothi zesitsha. I-hydrate ephumela kuyoba yinde kakhulu, futhi ukususa ngeke kube lula. Ngezinye izikhathi uvele nje ezama ukuxazulula ngqo phezu kwamakhoyili okushisa.

Kunenye iphuzu elibalulekile eliphathelene nokuqukethwe kwe-aluminium. Ngesikhathi kuhlanganiswa kwemikhiqizo evela kule nsimbi ku-caustic soda, kuyadingeka ukuba ugcine ngokucophelela inani le-aluminium ne-soda. Ngenxa yokuthi i-aluminium eyengeziwe, kancane kancane inqubo izoba. Kusukela ekubukeni komkhuba, kuyacaca ukuthi kuyadingeka ukwandisa njalo inani le-caustic soda njengoba inani le-aluminium ekhuphukeni.

Ngakho-ke, inqubo yokwenziwa kwe-aluminium nge-alkali ingaqhubeka njalo. Ukulahlekelwa kwe-soda caustic kuzokwenzeka kuphela ngenxa yokuzibandakanya kwayo nesithambile.

Le ndlela isebenza ngempela kusukela ekubukeni komkhuba. Kodwa kunezinhlayiya eziningana okufanele ungakhohlwa: ngezikhathi ezithile, susa i-hydrate sediment; Hlanza isihlungi; Khumbula ukuthi amandla okusebenza lapho kwenziwa khona, ngokusetshenziswa kwawo njalo, angakwazi ukusebenza ngaphezu kweminyaka emibili.

Futhi kulokho okunye, kwakungekho izinkinga eziphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwalendlela.

Ngemva kwalokho, ngemuva kokumiswa kwamakhemikhali e-aluminium billet, indawo yayo kufanele ihlanzwe kahle, ingasetshenziswanga futhi icaciswe ngesisombululo se-nitric acid esingu-15-20%. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-pickling.

Indlela ye-Galvanic

Indlela yesibili yokumisa i-galvanic. Kuyinto elula futhi echitha isikhathi esiningi. Ngenxa yalokho, kutholakala indawo ephezulu kakhulu yomkhiqizo, imidwebo ecacile yomdwebo (kwimodi yobuciko, njengezinhlobo ze-galvanic).

Ubungqayizivele bale ndlela yukuthi isebenzisa umthombo wamandla kagesi (4-5 V).

Uzodinga futhi ukugeza kwalesi sayizi ukuze uvumelane nomkhiqizo we-aluminium. Izinto ezivela lapho kubhalwa khona kumele kube yi-dielectric. Ukwakhiwa kokugeza kwe-etching aluminium yisisombululo se-copper sulfate nofulawa usawoti.

Ngaphambi kokuqala inqubo, umsebenzi wokusebenza kufanele uhlanzwe futhi uhlaselwe. Bese ukhipha ucingo wethusi kumkhiqizo uphinde uwugcobe ube yisisombululo se-caustic soda, bese ungena kwisisombululo se-sulfuric acid. Ngemuva kwemizuzu emibili, susa uphinde uhlanza ngaphansi komfudlana wamanzi ashisayo. Kuvinjelwe ngalesi sikhathi ukuthinta umkhiqizo ngezandla zakho.

Uma ezinye izingxenye ze-billet zingasetshenzisiwe, ziyasetshenziswa nge-mastic. Emva kwalokho, ungaqala inqubo uqobo.

Kule ndlela, kusetshenziselwa izisekelo ezimbili okuthiwa zisekela, okumele zixhumeke ku-anode (icala elihle) futhi lihlaselwe (okungezansi) komthombo wamandla kagesi. Kubalulekile ukuthi lezi zisekeli zikhona kulo lonke lokugeza. I-aluminium yomsebenzi ihlanganiswe nokusekelwa nge-anode, futhi umsebenzi owenziwa ngomsebenzi wenziwa ngenye insimbi okwesibili.

Konke lokhu kuncishiselwa ekugezeni futhi kubanjwe isikhathi esithile. Emva kwalokho, ihlanzwa nge-turpentine futhi iqhutshwe phambili ngokugaya nokupholisa.

Ukuthungatha ubuciko

Lolu hlobo lwe-galvanic luthandwa kakhulu esikhathini samanje. Ngosizo lwayo ungenza imidwebo yomlobi, ukuqoshwa, ukuphrinta ubuciko, imihlobiso kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yensimbi.

Futhi umphumela umdwebo ocacile, omuhle kakhulu. Ngakho ukusho, umsebenzi womlobi, ongayishiya wena noma unikeze.

Isithombe sokuqala singazidweba ngokwazo noma sinyatheliswe (sisebenzisa iphrinta laser) ephepheni. Bese unamathele tape phezulu bese ugeza iphepha ngamanzi ashisayo. Ngenxa yalokho, isithombe kufanele sihlale kuthebhu ye-scotch. Shiya ukuze ume. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kubalulekile ukulungisa ubuso bensimbi, lapho iphethini izosetshenziswa khona - isinciphise ngotshwala.

Bese ubamba i-tape ngephethini ebusweni bomsebenzi wokusebenza, ngenkathi uvumela umoya ukuba uphume ngaphansi kwawo. Isusa iglue ngokweqile futhi konke okungadingekile ngaphandle kwesithombe ngokwayo.

Ukufakela izintambo kwenziwa ngendlela echazwe ngenhla - i-galvanic.

Ukuqapha: ngale nqubo kukhona ithuba lokukhulula amagesi awonakele, ngakho-ke abantu kufanele bahambe ekamelweni.

Ngakho-ke, i-aluminium etching ekhaya iyasebenza kakhulu. Kuphela kudingekile ukuba kwenziwe zonke izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuqapha!