Friedland Isango: ikheli umlando. Kaliningrad Museum

Russian Kaliningrad - idolobha enomlando ezithakazelisayo. Kuze 1946 lalibizwa eKönigsberg futhi kwaba omunye izikhungo ebaluleke kakhulu kwezamasiko kanye nezemfundo eJalimane.

Ngokudabukisayo, ngesikhathi ibambene ngezihluthu kweMpi Yezwe II abaningi okuvelele ezakhiwo edolobheni ziye irretrievably elahlekile. Nokho, ngisho kancane eyayisele Sinesithakazelo esikhulu kubathandi endulo.

Phakathi ezithakazelisa ngempela turobektov Kaliningrad Friedland Gate. Kwase kuphele amashumi eminyaka, lesi sakhiwo yisona emnyuziyamu, okuyinto lunikezelwe umlando wangaphambi impi komuzi.

amasango eKönigsberg

Isango lokuqala kuleli dolobha esakhiwa ekhulwini XIII. Ngemva 4 eminyaka Kwakuseshwa umsebenzi ukwakhiwa Yokuqala kukhale izinqaba. Siqukethe 8 futhi isango. Njengoba zonke lezi izakhiwo zazenziwe ngokhuni, eminyakeni engu-200 kamuva, basuke kakhulu isigugile, futhi inkosi yase-Prussia Fridrih Vilgelm Wesine banquma ukwakha igoqo lokuvikela izinqaba yesibili. Induna esimisiwe wezakhiwo Ernsta Lyudviga von Aster, ngubani wanquma ukwenza eyinkimbinkimbi buildings isitayela English Gothic Revival. Okokuqala bakha isango waba bobukhosi, isibekisombhalo owawusedolobheni 1843, futhi engu-10 kamuva lo muzi ehlotshiswe esinye isakhiwo eziyisithupha efanayo: Sackheim, Rossgartenskimi, Shtayndammskimi, Traghaymskimi, Ausfalskimi futhi Hollanderbaumskimi. Iphuzu lokugcina ukwakhiwa, eside cishe engu-19 edlule, kwaba ukwakhiwa 2 amasango entsha Double Arch design: Friedland futhi Brandenburg. Eyokuqala lethiwa kukhunjulwa izakhiwo ngaphezulu lasendulo. Laliqhele endleleni yokuxhuma emzini eKönigsberg futhi Friedland, ngubani manje eyaziwa ngokuthi Pravdinsk. Ngabo, waxosha izinqola nomphako ezigodini elise eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Kaliningrad yesimanje.

Friedland Isango: ukwakhiwa umlando e zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili

kukhale Okwesibili eqinisa ngesikhashana esifushane kakhulu wagcwalisa imisebenzi ukuzivikela. Ngu ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, kwaba sobala ukuthi babengenakungena ukuze ivikele lo muzi kusukela izikhali ezintsha kuye kwavela kusukela ukwakhiwa yabo. Ngo-1910, lesi simiso izinqaba lempi zisusiwe futhi wabhubhisa Traghaymskie, Shtayndammskie futhi Hollanderbaumskie esangweni. Abathathu izakhiwo ezinjalo zalahlekelwa embankments, izivikelo oluseqophelweni casemates. Ngaphandle kabusha yayimane nje Rossgartenskie futhi Friedland Gate. Nokho, imigwaqo Kwakuseshwa yafakwa kwenye. Ngesikhathi ezakheke ngendlela efanayo isikhathi has isici esisha: baye baba nokubiyela ukufinyelela abahamba ngezinyawo omangalisayo landscape Zuid-epaki.

Phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet emlandweni Kaliningrad esangweni ukuvuleka kwaleso esibekiwe, esinguJesu lwababeka ukwakhiwa emafektri. Ngo-1990, lapho wokuhlanza amanzi inqaba ngaseziseleni epaki bethola inqwaba abendlu izinto ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Ukuze lokuzithoba izakhamuzi eziningi zakuleli dolobha kanye nezivakashi wavula embukisweni uyathola at emgwaqweni Dzerzhinsky, 30. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi naleyo minyaka engu amasango landscaped Zuid-epaki baba yingxenye yohlelo uhambo lweqembu German eza ezweni lawo mlando.

Incazelo zezakhiwo

Njengokunye amasango eKönigsberg, Friedland ngeminyaka yawo-Gothic Revival isitayela kwenanela izici sici izikhathi isiZulu izakhiwo Tudor. umbhali le project ayaziwa, kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi, cishe, kuba Friedrich Shtyuler.

On the ingxenye edolobheni endala Friedland esangweni olungaphambili lwesonto ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye 6 nge buttresses ezinhlanu. Bakhomba ekupheleni gable nge yayinemibhoshongo ngemuva nangaphambili zokuhlobisa futhi aphume ashone ngaphezu uthango zokuhlobisa zempi. Zonke driveways, iminyango namafasitela ahlotshiswe inthanethi kanye zenziwa ngendlela Lancet nemengamo.

amasango Friedland maphakathi ingxenye babe ezimbili tinkhombandlela ububanzi 4,39 m kanye ukuphakama 4,24 m imiphetho casemates izakhiwo ahlelwe, futhi ngaphandle -. Guardhouse. Isango lalolu hlangothi olungaphambili lihlotshiswe nohlaka. Yisibonelo idayimane izitini umbala ezahlukene.

I ukubaza phezu olungaphambili lwesonto

Friedland Gate (Kaliningrad) abangu ehlotshiswe kwesithombe Friedrich von Zollern, owayengomunye edume kunazo umkhuzi Omkhulu yesifundazwe ye zamaJalimane Order. Ngeshwa, umbhalo walo wokuqala walahlekelwa empini e seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Enye ebaziwe ka knight - Siegfried von Feuchtwangen, Grand Rabi, ngubani wasungula castle Ephakathi neMarienburg, - esisogwini engaphandle kwesango. Umbhali wayo kuyinto umqophi Vilgelm Lyudvig Shtyurmer. ukusebenza ukubuyisela lezi izikhumbuzo kanye namuhla bavalelwa 2005 no-2008, njengasekuqaleni, bathathe izindawo zabo futhi ungomunye yezindawo ezithwetshulwa kakhulu Kaliningrad.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe "Friedland esangweni"

Lesi sikhungo yamasiko ukubukeka kwayo ubophekile ukuba abathanda ezimbili - Alexander G. novikov Avetisyants Ella Petrovna. Bakwazi ujike Umbukiso elincane Museum yesimanje, lapho umsebenzi asebenzayo kwezamasiko kanye nezemfundo.

Ngo-2007 wabonwa njengoba omunye wemisebenzi 3 engcono ukusebenza ngo 2007-2008. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhungo umenyezelwe owawina umncintiswano Zonke isiRashiya iminyuziyamu esigabeni lobuchwepheshe.

ukuchayeka

Lo mbukiso wokuqala ubizwa ngokuthi "dolobha elibiyelwe". Izivakashi bamenyiwe ukwenza uhambo iDemo emakhasini umlando eKönigsberg ngokubheka ifilimu ngomzuzu-6 futhi ujwayele Imininingwane imele. Base Umenyiwe ehholo elikhulu, okuyinto iyisonto ingxenye embukisweni yesibili, futhi ngaba uhambo virtual ngokusebenzisa edolobheni pre-impi. Iqala nge real bruschatoy komgwaqo, lapho liye lalondolozwa ngaphakathi kwesango, kuphenduke virtual, adalwe projecting ukuvuleka primed. namaphrojektha amathathu ukudala kuwutalagu, ukusunduza imingcele emhlabeni wangempela futhi "yokuhlanza" odongeni. ukunemba Ngisho enkulu okwenzekayo unamathisele nemisindo: creaking ezinqoleni, izingane bayahleka ubukeka emangele izithende zesifazane. Ngaphansi kwalezi umsindo Izivakashi idluliselwe eKönigsberg XIX sekwephuzile - ekuqaleni XX leminyaka, eyaziwa ngokuthi idolobha engadini, kanye "German Atlantis".

uhambo olubonakalayo

umbukiso Ukukhanya umsindo ihlala kahle ihora elilodwa. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, abahlanganyeli ziqondiswa izinkambo ngokusebenzisa isikhungo esingokomlando eKönigsberg, okuyinto, ngeshwa, ekuphileni kwangempela akukho ngakwesokunxele. Zafika lapho, zatholana "uphonsa" ezimweni isibonisi amathilomu, izitolo kanye Pharmacy, kanye bezobona amabhuloho ngokusebenzisa pergola Old. Lapho beqeda uhambo oluhle, izivakashi bazithola epaki real, okuyinto sabekwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili esizeni nezivikelo wangaphambili, futhi ujabulele ubuhle bemvelo we Kaliningrad esifundeni.

"Echo of War" Exposure

Museum "esangweni Friedland", izivakashi ukhulule amadlingozi beye egumbini, eliqoshiwe ibhomu indawo yokukhosela phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. Kube efakwe embukisweni etimviwabukelwa "Echo of War". It is zihlukaniswa a indlela yesimanje futhi zisetshenziswe ngaso sonke ukukhanya, umsindo nemiphumela optical ngenxa ukusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe bamuva.

"Knights 'IHholo"

Njengoba sekushiwo, Friedland Gate (ikheli: Dzerzhinsky, 30) ziye ehlotshisiwe Amatshwayo zamaJalimane Order. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingabantu eziqoshiwe nabameleli bayo abaqavile Kwamiswa. Kuyinto Akuyona ingozi ukuthi namuhla Museum i nokuchaza anikezelwe Knights of the zamaJalimane Order, elibonisa kabusha izingalo nezikhali, ekhiqizwa ngokusho ubuchwepheshe ubudala.

Impucuko futhi indle

Ngaleso sikhathi, edolobheni Prussian ka Koenigsberg elalibhekwa njengelinye lamazwe imizi ukhululekile kakhulu eJalimane futhi esifundeni aseBaltic. Eyodwa indle kwabonakala kuneNingizimu emadolobheni iningi Empire Russian. Museum usebenza ngaphakathi Friedland esangweni, izivakashi bayamenywa ukubona embukisweni abazinikezele kuleli ingxenye ebalulekile Izinsiza yesimanje. Likhuluma indaba i isimiso sokuthutha indle lasendulo, wadala phakathi enkulungwaneni yesithathu yeminyaka BC. e. emzini Mohenjo-Daro, elise Pakistan, phezu amapayipi eRoma Lasendulo, kanye nezindlela yamanzi ephakathi eYurophu neRussia. Izivakashi Uyofunda ukwaziswa okuthakazelisayo mayelana Umhlaba toilet Inhlangano nokuthi wamemezela 19 Novemba International Day for the yangasese.

"Enokholo inhliziyo"

Museum "esangweni Friedland" (ikheli ubone. Ngenhla) embukisweni elinegama elifanayo lunikezelwe lezifiki zokuqala, owafika ngo-a agugile British wasemoyeni lebutho ahlasela Red Kaliningrad esuka kulo lonke elaseSoviet Union ngokushesha nje ngemva kwempi. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe izivakashi uyoboniswa kanjani ukubona abantu edolobheni abeza ukuhlola endaweni engayazi, kanye ezinye zingamagugu angamafa umndeni ayenokuhlangenwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bazobona umsebenzi umculi R. Borisovas futhi ibuthelelo lezinto sisetshenziselwe ukukhulekela, esakhiwa iziphambano futhi ukusonga imifanekiso.

Kaliningrad Museum

Edolobheni kunezinye izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo ezokwenza sibe nesithakazelo kokuvakashela izivakashi. Lezi zihlanganisa i-igalari ubuciko, "Forte N 5", iqoqo amber kanye nemikhiqizo eyenziwe kulokhu kwaziswa, kanye nabanye. Eqinisweni, abaningi babo elise nezivikelo wangaphambili. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Centre for Contemporary Art uye bathola isiphephelo basembhoshongweni emabhalekisini "Umqhele Prince", eyakhiwa ngekhulu XIX.

Manje uyazi lapho Gate Friedland. Kaliningrad - idolobha elinomlando ocebile futhi izinto eziningi ezikhangayo. Nge nokuhambela kwakhe ngokuqinisekile kuwufanele ukuvakashelwa at emgwaqweni Dzerzhinsky, 30, ukuvakashela Museum elalinikezelwe eKönigsberg ubudala.