Ngo-1970 kwaqala ukwakhiwa imigqa fiber-optic inkampani Corning, waqaphela njengoba kuqale imboni entsha. Namuhla, ekusungulweni kobuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa fiber-optic ngaphambi omunye imikhakha yezomnotho emhlabeni, okwandisa imiqulu fibre ukukhululwa 40% ngonyaka! Umthuthukisi Ezisemqoka kanye welayisensi ubuchwepheshe - United States - eminyakeni yamuva, ekhiqizwa 10 million amakhilomitha fibre optical, okulingana 250 girth lwembulunga enkabazwe. Fiber-optic zokuxhumana imigqa - i osebenzelana ekahle bashintshisane ngolwazi. impahla yabo - ukwehlukana isibonakaliso izigidi abathengi - ke akukho okunye engingakwenza. BanjengamaJuda izinzwa zidlulisela amasignali phakathi amazwekazi, amazwe, izifunda, phakathi komuzi, inkampani, ukwakha isixhumanisi fibre optic (FOL).
amaseli wabo asebenzayo ukuguqula, ifomu, zandisa ngocansi isignali ukukhanya. Lapha benjalo. Umthombo monochromatic emisebeni anokuhambisana kuyinto laser. Modulators ukudala wave ukukhanya, ngokulandelana, isakhiwo ezihlukahlukene okokufaka uphawu lukagesi. Multiplexers Kuhlukanisa kuphinde sihlanganise amasignali. Regenerators encishisiwe kwemigomo ishayela optical. I photodetector ukhiqiza ushintsho ephambene: ukukhanya - ugesi. Fiber-optic zokuxhumana imigqa kunezimo abalulekile: lula ukufaka esebenzisa couplings, bakwazi ukudlulisela isiginali ukukhanya kunjalo akukho ukulahleka, enokwethenjelwa ukuvikela ulwazi.
Phakathi global fiber-optic zokuxhumana imigqa enqamula eziningi kakhulu. Zikuxhuma Europe ne-United States nase-Canada. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke by obuphelele - Transpacific, baletha ndawonye yi-United States kanye Japan, China, South Korea, Hong Kong, Hawaii. Ukubeka imigqa fiber-optic Kwenziwa emakhotho akhethekileko. Russia futhi behileleke amaphrojekthi efanayo. Ngonyaka odlule saqala ukwakhiwa komugqa ngokujoyina eKamchatka, Sakhalin futhi yaseMagadana. Phawula ukuthi kusetshenziswe usayizi fibre core / emgodleni for isiqu fibre optic - 1,3-1,55 mm.
State ebalulekile yesifunda fibre optic ukuhlobana isikhungo kanye nezifunda futhi ngaphakathi kwamasango. Bakha fiber umyela - 50/125 microns. amabhizinisi ezinkulu zisebenzisa ukuxhumana imigqa fiber-optic lokwenza ngcono ukuphathwa ku model of "ihhovisi electronic", kanye - I-ezishintshayo ukukhiqizwa. Akumangalisi ukuthi amazwe athuthukile (phakathi kwawo - Japan, eNgilandi, Italy, iFrance) e ukwakhiwa fibre optical isetshenziswa kuphela. ezingeni lesifunda kulingana nesivinini kokuba ezincane ukulahlekelwa isici, monomode ikhebula. isixazululo Enterprise eshibhile futhi kulula ukukhweza multimode ikhebula. fibre Optical isetshenziswa njengophawu lokushisa inzwa, ingcindezi kanye voltage. Yena asetshenziswa hydrophone, sonar, seismology, navigation. Asetshenziswa zokuvikela, i-alamu.
Ngamafuphi, kufanele senze ukucindezeleka okunengqondo lokuthi ubuchwepheshe namanje kude isiphelile uqobo, ngokuba ngesikhathi maphakathi no-iphuzu ngendlela. Ehamba phambili inkampani yokukhiqiza Cisco, 3COM, D-LINK, Dell, Allied TELESYN uthuthukise kakhulu imikhiqizo optoelectronic. Athuthukisiwe multimode entsha (ubuchwepheshe eshibhile) fibre optical ezinezici ngcono. Yakhelwe nezixhumi optical namazinga yokukhiqiza lula (izenzo ehilela ngokunemba phansi Micron). Ukuze ngokuyimpumelelo adlulisa isignali ukukhanya athuthukile ezintsha Planar laser diodes, inqobo elalinembobo mpo. Ukuqhuba ucwaningo emkhakheni olwakhiwe cabling izinhlelo.