Emabhayisikili Retro: kusukela kokusungulwa kuze kube namuhla

Ibhayisikili emakethe likhulu ukuze ukwazi ulahleke phakathi imikhakha ukwehluka kokunikelwayo esitolo (entabeni, idolobha, "izivakashi", "dvuhpodvesny" BMX). Kodwa nokho kukhona ukwehlukana izinhlobo kanye subtypes eqenjini ngalinye. Uma siqhathanisa isakhiwo, bese-ke kusukela amamodeli Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, ngokwengxenye enkulu, kwakukhona umqondo kuphela (zikhona namasondo amabili, uhlaka kanye sehhashi). Khona-ke, kwaba ngowokuqala Retro-emabhayisikili, kungakanani ushintshe isikhathi?

Umlando eyasungulwa

Izinkomba mshini sibonelo, kepha efaniswe ibhayisikili enamasondo amabili, ngokusho kwemibiko ezingaqinisekisiwe, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla documentary eyaqala ngonyaka 1791. Labo emabhayisikili Retro lokuqala (isithombe esithathwe maduze) babengenalo eselishova, zingase ziqhutshwe ngomuntu ngenkathi ukusunduza enyaweni zakho phansi. Empeleni, kwakuyisikhathi Scooters, kodwa hhayi ajwayelekile kithi, futhi nge sehhashi.

I-patent olusemthethweni salokhu okusungulile kwaba Karl Ukuze Dresen e 1818. Ukuze ngonyaka noma kancane kunakuqala, wakha lokhuni "umshini ngezinyawo" kuqala futhi ngempumelelo ingashintshwa ke ukuhambisa. Ngokusho namazinga ethu, kungaba labizwa ngokuthi "begovel". Idivayisi behlonipha umsunguli liye labizwa ngokuthi "inqola". Wawunodonga amasondo ezimbili ezifanayo, lapho phambi isondo ungakwazi azungeze. Saddle phezu ifreyimu ezingeni ukuphakama, okwenza kube lula ibenze off izinyawo zayo ngezinwele zakhe zombili ukuhamba ukunyakaza futhi uma kungenzeka, hlala, ezihambayo ukugudla ngemva crackdown.

ibhayisikili wokuqala

Ukuthuthukiswa Obalulekile kungase kubhekwe njengokwelapha ukuvela ihamba. Ngo-1840 base lokuqala ayeba nhlangothi smith waseScotland. Pedal eziqhutshwa isimiso isigwedlo. Amandla osetshenziswayo iyona izinduku yokuxhuma, efana ubudala umusi amakhanda leli sondo labaqaphi elingemuva.

Ihamba ngezihluthu oluvala amasondo, ezisebenza isimiso ukujikeleza, enelungelo lobunikazi e 1853 by waseFrance Per Misho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwakukhona isihlalo sehhashi spring dampers wazihlephula design. Uma kukhona zesondo (1867) kanye prototype drive chain (1868). Ngalesi sikhathi e-Paris, owokuqala Retro-emabhayisikili ezimpini izinhlanga ezisemthethweni at ibanga 2 km.

Khona-ke fashion yamabhayisikili izicabucabu. Lo mklamo elinesimo phambi isondo elikhulu. Ihamba kuthiwa isandla abethela kuya oluvala amasondo. I ububanzi enkulu usebe okwenza ibhayisikili imodi esiyingozi zokuthutha. ukuphakama kwalo ongafinyelela amamitha eyodwa nengxenye nokuningi. Kodwa futhi izinga kungaqala-30 km / h. Yiqiniso, uhlevane yomgwaqo kwakufanele ukulawula izinkinga ezinkulu.

Ukuthuthukiswa ezibalulekile

In esigabeni esilandelayo sokuthuthuka we ibhayisikili Retro nge wheel ezinkulu phambi ifakwe drive chain. Ihamba ezibekwe phezu luhlaka, nomthofu kwaba emuva isondo. Okokuqala ephephile "baysiklet" (njengoba ayekubiza kanjalo umsunguli G. Lawson) kwadingeka namasondo amabili ngokulinganayo obujwayelekile (1885).

Ngemva kwalokho usebe uvele iraba isondo (1889) kanye ne-valve futhi umfutho womoya therein. Ushintshe i Uhlaka umumo (diamond emise-), sesiye njenge-imodeli yesimanje. Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi ezayo ekuklanyweni ibhola amabombo kwanezelwa. Uzimele zazenziwe amashubhu mncane-ngabafaka. Uvele unyawo ukubopha futhi ushintsho igiya.

With ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe iye yethulwa kuleli ibhayisikili umkhakha izinto ezintsha. Ngo-1974, kwakunabamemezeli onobuhle titanium futhi carbon fibre ozimele. Futhi ngo-1990 saba athandwa kakhulu Inkomba uhlelo fast usuke ngesivinini.

intuthuko Technical eRussia

Ekupheleni kwe-XIX leminyaka Retro-emabhayisikili kwakungafanele kuphela yangasese zezakhamuzi ocebile emadolobheni amakhulu, kodwa ngisho inombolo esele tamasipala. Odokotela ebekiwe intshiseko newfangled ngoba ukususa ubende kubangelwa ushintsho zonyaka, ukuqinisa yomgogodla futhi njengoba ithuluzi ekuqhubekiseni impilo enhle.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX ngebhayisikili iye kabanzi izikhulu ezincane kuhambo. Two-ngesihlalo esinamasondo wayiswa "bitsiklet" kwaba eyathandeka phakathi Iposi lalingase liphathiswe, onobhala, izithunywa. Ukuze ukusatshalaliswa izimpahla esetshenziswa ngamabhayisikili anamasondo amathathu (tritsiklety) kanye kokuthutha ogulayo walimaza ingashintshwa zamazwe amabili abhanqiwe elihlangana tandem nge ezine ukulawula umgibeli.

emabhayisikili Retro USSR

umkhakha Soviet emva kwempi isikhashana kwaba kusanesiminyaminya. Kodwa amabhayisikili aqhubeka ikhishwe. Izingxenye zisuka eNgilandi. Ukukhiqizwa lilungisiwe at laseKharkov ibhayisikili imboni (hvz). Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, abaklami bakwazi ukufakela imininingwane yabo. emabhayisikili Retro Soviet Union elula futhi esebenzayo, akukho-umbhedo ekhiqizwa futhi ngakhula induduzo.

Ngemva ukutjhatjalaliswa kulwiwa kuphela kusukela maphakathi nawo-20-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule, ukukhiqizwa yabo ukubuyiswa. Ngesikhathi hvz esifanayo, ngemva kokubuyiselwa ukukhiqizwa izindawo ekhiqizwa imodeli ethandwa "Ukraine". ndlovu ezimbili ezinamasondo I sezingane sokuqala sakhishwa ngo-1936 ethi "Leningrad Metalist". Ngaphezu kwalokho lezi zinkampani ezimbili ukuba babesebenza eMoscow Minsk Ibhayisikili Plant ku ZiSe negesi. Esikhathini Lithuanian SSR, ngesikhathi Siauliai VSW, imodeli eyeve eshumini nambili "Eaglet" kwakhululwa.