Country Music

Izwe umculo, elilodwa lamafomu ethandwa kakhulu umculo eMelika, akachaziwe ngokucacile. Yaqala njengoba indlela yokuveza imizwa kanye nezinguquko ezenzeke phakathi Abamhlophe abahlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya lentshonalanga ye-United States ngo-19 ngasekupheleni - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20.

Ngokwe-owaziwa ezweni umculo mlando Bill Malone, abantu ifomu zomculo iye inzuzo futhi igxile edolobheni, ngenxa okuyinto kwabonakala umbuso omkhulu lokuzijabulisa Ukusabalala kwemingcele zesifunda, kwezenhlalo.

Stylistically ezweni umculo Izinhlobo ezingaphansi zihlanganisa: entshonalanga, western swing, Polka, abantu, blues futhi Dixieland, Yodel, pop vocals. Ezikhathini zanamuhla le nkulumo isetshenziswa ukuchaza izitayela eziningi Izinhlobo ezingezansi.

Umculo wenziwa ikakhulu zomculo ezinezintambo: banjo, violin-ivayolini, mandolin, acoustic kanye isiginci sikagesi. lisetshenziswa njengedivaysi harmonica.

Ekuqaleni kwathiwa nje ngokuthi "folk» (Hillbilly umculo).

Igama elithi "izwe umculo" (zasemakhaya) waqala zisetshenziselwe, kusukela 1940, ukuze uwahlukanise ezingabakhona ngokulinganisa of folk ne izimpande efanayo - iculo ballads abavela kwamanye amazwe-Anglo-Celtic. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi aseNingizimu naseNyakatho Melika zaba nethonya elifanayo zangaphandle ezifundeni ezimbili baye basungula indlela ehluke kakhulu izitayela umculo. Eningizimu, abantu bazinza Appalachia nasezindaweni ezisehlanzeni akude, ekulondolozeni amasiko abantu todvwa yabo. Okumbi kwezemfundo, ukuzijabulisa, ukungabi uxhumo nezinye izindawo abantu kwavuzwa umculo, ukucula nokudansa. Kodwa ayehlabelela hhayi kuphela kwalabo abalethwa ezweni lawo zomlando. Ngesisekelo nelwatinchanti lwabo, baqamba izingoma ezintsha ezweni isitayela, themes eyinhloko okwakukhona nezenzakalo zangempela nokumela ephelele yengxoxo: ukusebenza kanzima, Motifs YamaProthestani, romanticism yasemakhaya, uthando, iphupho isikhathi esikhulu.

Kusukela esifundeni oseningizimu futhi esentshonalanga Melika zihlukaniswe sub-ezindaweni eziningana, kukhona isitayela eningizimu hhayi kuphela. abaculi White zingaphansi kwethonya yokuqothula eminye imiphakathi, ikakhulukazi Negro, Mexican, Cajun amaqembu ase-yobuzwe (eningizimu Louisiana).

By 1920, "umculo eningizimu" namanje yaqhubeka ingaziwa lonke izwe, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi athuthukile uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela.

ngiyabonga kuphela kokusungulwa umsakazo ngabodwa kwaba eliphukile, futhi yena kwakuzwakala ezweni lonke. Abadlali wezwe umculo wadlala izingoma ajwayelekile, izinkulumo ngezinto ezilula futhi ezimnandi. Isiteshi sokuqala umsakazo ukuthi ukusakaza "Southern Iculo" ngo-1922, wawusegunjini Georgia. Ingoma yokuqala ezisemthethweni isitayela yezwe ubhekwa «I omdadlana lwamakholi gumbi ku kwindlela» ( « I omdadlana lwamakholi gumbi ku alley"), eyabhalwa ngo-1871 futhi iqoshwe kwirekhodi Fiddinom Johnny Carson ngo-1924.

Kodwa izazi-mlando eziningi ukhombe 1927, lapho inkanyezi esizayo Dzhimmi Rodzhers uvele okokuqala emsakazweni.

Ngo-1930, lapho Melika ebhekene nezikhathi ezinzima ngenxa Ukucindezeleka Omkhulu kanye esabekayo uthuli iziphepho, ngokuthi "Uthuli Bowl", izwe umculo wabonakalisa abantu ukuphupha ngani izikhathi Wild West ubudala, mayelana romance, inkululeko.