Peggy Guggenheim: Biography, izithombe, imisebenzi

Margaret Guggenheim, nomvikeli eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke kwezobuciko, umnikazi igalari, ubuciko ngalendoda kanye UMuphi, yazalwa ngo-New York ngo-August 26, 1898. Wehla emlandweni ngaphansi kwegama Peggy Guggenheim. Ingxenye yakhe ekuthuthukiseni wesimanje buciko kubaluleke kakhulu ngempela. Peggy kwaba ezinganeni ezintathu sakwaBhenjamini Guggenheim - usozimboni enkulu American amaJuda ngokozalo, oshone umkhumbi "Titanic" ngo-Ephreli 1912.

Biography. eminyakeni yokuqala

Izincwadi ezikhuluma ngokuphila Peggy izintatheli ngokuvamile bhala mayelana lokuthi amantombazane ebuntwaneni kwakungelona owodwa ojabulayo. Yakhula yaba engenabantu nedolyublennosti ngoba abazali bakhe waphila: unina ayedume ngokukhipha abe socialite, futhi kwakuqabukela nomyeni wakhe nezingane, futhi uyise sonke isikhathi yayihlale imatasa abahola ezinye izigidi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wachitha isikhathi sakhe esiningi e-Europe, kude nomkhaya. Nokho, izinkumbulo Peggy umndeni umzali nezinye ... Lapho kuxoxwa naye, esho wayemthanda kubazali bakhe nalokho komntwana wasinda izinkumbulo ngempela kumnandi. Lapho eseneminyaka engu-13 ubudala, kube nephutha amashwa: uyise nomndeni, kanye nonobhala wakhe ayesezibhebheni "Titanic" iphahlazeka. Ngokusho yetinsita umndeni, uMnu Benjamin badela azihlalise esikebheni wahlala phezu umkhumbi kuze kube yilapho owokugcina ekusizeni abesifazane nezingane yesibili. Kusukela ngalolo suku ubaba ngoba Peggy iqhawe beqiniso futhi inkumbulo ezithandwayo zezingoma kuye yena wasigcina kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe.

Indlela yobuciko

Kuyinto ngokungazelelwe amashwa umndeni ushintshe izimpilo zabesifazane. Waba indlalifa sesigidi kayise isimo. Nokho, ukuze ujoyine ilungelo ifa, kwadingeka alinde kuze yobudala. Ngaphambi kwalokho, wayenomkhuba ukunakekelwa bomfowabo kayise uSolomoni Guggenheim - ebadlula, usomabhizinisi oqavile, connoisseur omkhulu futhi engumxhasi wezobuciko. Naphezu ukujula inqwaba umalume, wazizwa sengathi ubuhlobo abampofu endlini yakhe nawo akakujabulelanga uthando olukhulu kakhulu futhi ilungiselelo awoyisekazi. Okwesikhathi esithile wasebenza esitolo sezincwadi, okuyinto embukisweni umsebenzi avant-garde abalobi, lapha yena uhlangene izingqondo okuqhubekayo isikhathi sakhe.

Paris, Paris!

Ngemva Peggy Guggenheim isibe omdala kanye eliyifa uyise ebashiya esimweni 2500000 zamadola, kuba esuka eNew York baya enhlokodolobha kwezobuciko - Paris. Lapha wentombi singena shí "Roaring Yawo." Paris 20 sika laliyisikhungo abaculi enenqubekela phambili futhi abanamakhono: abalobi, abaculi kanye abaculi. Ngaphambi indlalifa yowesifazane, yebo, wavula iminyango yonke boudoirs wokuziphilisa, lapho uya Beau monde. Nsuku zonke, ekwandiseni indilinga labangane bakhe nabantu ayebajwayele: Natalie Barney, Mey Rey, Dzhuna Izingobo, Romeyn Bruks - futhi lokhu kuyinto uhlu ongaphelele osaziwayo ayizalele ezungezwe ngokwalo kanye. Life, yena nomalume wakhe - umthandi olukhulu ezobuciko - nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni in ukunambitheka kwakhe elicwengiwe. Peggy Guggenheim iyaya nemibukiso ahlukahlukene, wahlangana abaculi surrealist, ivikela kubo, waziphatha amafilimu esikhiqiza, ikhanyisa ukudala igalari ayo futhi ukuze enze lokhu kuqala ukuthenga lo mdwebo.

Dala iqoqo

Unquma ukuzama ukuyeka ukubhuqa ukubeka uyise ebashiya inhlokodolobha e lo mdwebo. Futhi ukwenza kanjalo, kuyasiza Marsel Dyushan - umculi waseMelika odumile, ubuciko umhlaziyi. Ngokuvumelana neseluleko sakhe, yena ukwenza umsebenzi wenzuzo ayibonwa futhi abaculi abasafufusa. Ngokushesha kuba sobala ukuthi enendawo ezingavamile ithalente - umuzwa, esiza kuye ukukhethwa imisebenzi ethembisayo. Ngakho, Peggi Guggenhaym Collection uqala agcwaliswa nge imidwebo ngabaculi ngubani esikhathini esizayo azigcinele ukuqashelwa. Nazi ezinye zazo :. Kandinsky, uDali, Picasso, Tanguy, Cocteau, Pollock, njll Ngokwemvelo, aluthola ngokuba ingoma imisebenzi uqale yenyuka value, banda isimo Peggy Guggenheim. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abanye abaculi baqashelwa yabo emhlabeni art kukhona abalamacala American ocebile abagqugquzela amakghonwabo ngentshiseko. Ukuba ngaphansi ukusekelwa wakhe bona, baphile ukuphila ngokunganaki, nokuchitha imali yakhe kahle, bese uzama ngazo zonke izindlela ongazicabanga ukumjabulisa. Kunalokho yena uhlela nemibukiso zabo, kuyinto amaklayenti kuwufanele abakulungele ukuthenga lo mdwebo.

zemibukiso

Ngo-1938, esekelwe P. Guggenheim Guggenheim Jeune embukisweni lokuqala eLondon Cork Street babe imidwebo ngu Zhana Kokto futhi yaphumelela kakhulu. Futhi ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili, uPeggy wathenga up iningi umsebenzi we surrealist nomculi abstract, kuhlobisa iqoqo yabo umxhwele. Lapha, a gallery London, yena embukisweni umsebenzi abasebasha umculi Polish Kandinsky, bese Yves Tanguy. Ekuqaleni '40s, uPeggy acabanga mayelana nokudala zemibukiso enhloko-dolobha isiFulentshi, ngisho ukuqasha salokhu isikhala. Nokho, ukuhlaselwa ibutho undlovukayiphikiswa uvinjelwe ukuqaliswa ebamba isisu yayo, ukuthi ephoqeleka ukuba ashiye izindlela Paris uhambe kuqala eningizimu yeFrance, futhi ukusuka lapho - ekhaya lakhe e-New York. Lapha, yena kuvula Art igalari Lokhu Century, okuyinto ngokushesha waba omunye ezidayiswa imfashini kakhulu futhi original enhloko-dolobha wase-US ubuciko.

Museum

Kuze kube ngo-1946 uyagijima phakathi eYurophu nase Melika beyofuna imidwebo Iyafaneleka iqoqo yakhe, okuyinto likhula usuku nosuku futhi agcwaliswa yobuciko omangalisayo. Umgomo wayo oyinhloko - ukuthi badale owabo Peggy Guggenheim. Iminyaka emithathu eyalandela yena kanye iqoqo lakhe iqhaza embukisweni ahlukahlukene kokubili e-United futhi eYurophu. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-50-ke efika Biennial e-Venice. Yiqiniso, lapha kwaba ngaphambi, kodwa manje ebona ukuthi sekuyisikhathi ukuqala iphupho osekukade - ukusungula Museum ukuthi ngabe edumile Peggy Guggenheim eyakhe kuphela wakhe,! Venice, ngokombono wakhe, indawo engcono kakhulu-ke. Yena othenga esigodlweni esihle ezimhlophe kwesokudla loMfula emseleni, lapha ithwala iqoqo lakhe imidwebo nezinye rarities, ihlobise konke ngendlela esilindele yakho. Lapha, unquma sizakhele ukuchitha ingxenye esele yokuphila kwakhe.

Njengoba kuchazwe wesimanje Peggy (Margaret) Guggenheim

Young, ome njengeqanda, noma imigodi uhlakaniphile, okunenjongo futhi eyingqabavu, hhayi enhle, kodwa kuhle. Oqavile yobukhulu umxhwele wabonakala ubuso bakhe ekhaleni - trait umndeni, engesiyo kakhulu futhi lonakaliswe. Noma kunjalo, ngandlela-thile wanquma acele usizo nommese, kodwa ngomzuzu wokugcina, isivele etafuleni yokusebenza, belahla umqondo. Abangane bakhe bakholelwa ukuthi, ngalahlekelwa ekhaleni, ngabe balahlekelwa umkhaya walo angamagagu - ikhono uzizwe iphunga imali, ngibandise ukuchitha ngokuhlakanipha.

ukuphila Siqu

Ngokwemvelo, i-American isicebi indlalifa yowesifazane Peggy Guggenheim, ogama okukhuluma yanyatheliswa encwadini Out Ngasekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka: ukuvuma wotshwala ubuciko, embundwini yobudala bakhe kwakubhekwa njengesenzo umakoti enviable. Yena kwakufanele a lot of abalandeli abaqhamuka emindenini ecebile, kodwa ukukhetha kwakhe kwaba Lawrence Weil - poluamerikantsa-polufrantsuza, polupisatelya-poluhudozhnika. Nge kwahamba ngqa Peggy anqobe Paris. Kamuva wabhala ukuthi lo mshado iphutha kwakhe okubuhlungu. Noma kunjalo umndeni wakhe wacabanga ukuthi wayengakwazi ngisho nokuyicabanga indlela umuntu angayinqoba bukhoma ku $ 100 ngenyanga. Nokho, ngezinye indlalifa yowesifazane Ngaqale nje umxhwele umyeni wakhe, owayevele bayawazi Beau monde wakhe isiFulentshi, kanye nazo zonke izinto inhlokodolobha namadlelo ayo. Umshado yathatha iminyaka eyisikhombisa wanika izingane zakhe ezimbili - Sinbad futhi Peggin. Weil njalo bekhohliswa ku nomkakhe izimali lokugcina siqu. Nokho, waqaphela ukuthi isimo sabo ingeyona kuye, futhi kuye, futhi bazondwa Peggy, umndeni wakhe, imali yakhe. Yena njalo iphuma zasobala Yimpi nge izitsha elikhulu ukushayisa, ukulahla kusukela amafasitela ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi izicathulo zakhe nezikhwama. Peggy wayazi ukuthi isikhathi eside ngeke kwamukeleke. Wabe waqasha ummeli futhi ohlukanisile ngokushesha, kodwa akazange emlonyeni ubungane futhi baqhubeka bezama ukukhokha izikweletu zakhe. Weil kwaba uthando kuqala ezibucayi Peggy Guggenheim. Photo kuye wayekade eside igcinwe esikhwameni sakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyaqondakala ukuthi uxhumano ne Weyl wavula izivalo wakhe emhlabeni we waseParis labangela ukuqala komkhakha Beau monde.

Abesilisa P. Guggenheim

Lapho elithuma okwesibili washada umbhali Dzhonni Holmsa. Yena wayengumbulali bokusungula omkhulu, kodwa engazi ukuthi indlela yokwenza imali. Kodwa kungenjongo ngomdlandla omkhulu kokuchitha umkakhe abacebile yizicukuthwane kancane. Ukuze Marcel Dyushanom Peggi awuzange ukutjhada, kodwana nazo exhunywe ubuhlobo uthando, ngaphezu kwalokho, ingabe ucabanga Umhlahlandlela yayo emhlabeni yobuciko, umeluleki wakhe empilweni kanye nomeluleki engcono. Ingabe umdwebi Iv Tangi lover kaPeggy kanzima ukusho, kodwa ngoba lokho ayedumile. Kwakukhona Semyuel Bekket - umbhali nezesikhathi esizayo kaNobel, Gerbert Ningakuvumeli - Commander Order of the Garter. Ukuze Maksa Ernsta Margaret Guggenheim washada okwesithathu. Kwakuyisikhathi umdwebi omkhulu isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwayo, kanye lover kakhulu nokuthanda isifazane. Peggy wathatha nabo kusukela Paris matasa okuya eNew York. Ngokushesha imidwebo yakhe kuhlobisa amaqoqo unkosikazi kwakhe okumiswe ngokufanele. Peggy ngokuthi umnakekeli ingelosi avant-garde futhi surrealist. Njengoba ubona, nabobonke abaprofethi galeristki babe abanamakhono ezihlanganyela kuwo ubuhlobo letihlomulisa: Basuke bakhangwa ingcebo Peggy futhi wakhe - amakghonwabo.

Le filimu "Peggy Guggenheim: ngosuku ngaphandle art"

Kusukela ngo-1948, umnikazi abadumile igalari bazinza ogwini Adriatic Sea, endaweni Venice omangalisayo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi entsheni Peggy Ngafikelwa umuzwa onamandla wokuba maqondana ompofu umndeni, kamuva yaba omele edume kunazo ozala Guggenheim. Ngo-Venice, wayekade ehlala endlini yakhe, ephethe retinue, gondola aphethwe futhi nsuku zonke sihambe iziteshi retinue, begqoke umbala oluluhlaza. Okunjalo amkhumbule edolobheni fabulous. Yena luqobo wabheka ewubuciko kakhulu, imifanekiso yalo bebelokhu zihlukaniswa okwakhe. Wayekuthanda ukugqoka izingubo nezinye izinsimbi ngesitayela Afrika: eziningi izimpaphe, headgear okungavamile, imigexo okukhulu. Ngokuqinisekile ungomunye wabesifazane esivelele kunazo zonke ngesikhathi sakhe, futhi ngo-2015 umqondisi abanamakhono
Lisa Immordino Vreeland yathathwa sici emafilimini Peggy Guggenheim. Le filimu ikhuluma ngokuphila kwasemazweni wakhe, mayelana umuzwa wakhe Amazing, aba nesandla ekuthuthukeni kwalo kwalophiko, futhi yebo, ngomuntu wakhe, yena "eqoqwe" ngendlela efanayo njengoba isithombe.