Mikhail Kalatozov: Biography, Filmography, izithombe

Le ndoda yabonisa ithalente lakhe oluphawulekayo ngeqhaza. Waba adumile njengoba screenwriter futhi njengoba umqondisi kanye njengenhlangano opharetha. Mikhail Kalatozov imakwe imiklomelo ehlonishwayo, njengokuba nabo umnikazi we "elikhulu" zobungoma. On kulotshiwe eningi izihloko kanye eseyi mayelana vicissitudes zokuphila kwakhe isuselwe kakhulu ngendlela tinhlelo ezimbili. Yayiyini indlela yokudala womculo? Cabanga ngalo mbuzo kabanzi.

Imininingwane omlando womuntu

Kalatozov Mihail Konstantinovich wazalwa ngo inhloko-dolobha yaseGeorgia Disemba 28, 1903. okhokho baso babengabapristi kusukela umndeni lasendulo kwesikhulu Amiredzhebi. Uyisekazi ka umqondisi esizayo wakhonza njengombonisi jikelele kusukela inkosi ngokwayo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izindlu Kalatozova AboPhiko abameleli nezazi zendawo, owayethanda ukukhuluma ngekusasa yezwe. Kodwa kwabe sekufika u-October Revolution, lapho enza ukulungisa isiphetho umfana.

Qala umsebenzi

Ngo-1917, Mikhail Kalatozov, biography kabani, ngokuqinisekile okudingeka siwuphendule ekhethekile, waqala baziphilise. Wayesebenza futhi isisebenzi, kanye isisebenzi, futhi umshayeli.

Ngo-1923, insizwa ethile iya ukusebenza wedolobha ifilimu studio kuqala njengoba umshayeli, bese - the projectionist. Inkuthalo nangesimo sengqondo wemfanelo ngokushesha waqaphela ukuthi le nsizwa, futhi manje Mikhail Kalatozov isiza isethi. Ngemva kwesikhathi satholana sivunyelwe ngalesi isikhundla umhleli kanye Umthwebuli. Phakathi nomsebenzi wakhe Tbilisi studio insizwa ethile iqala ukubonisa ukubheka imisebenzi eziningana, eyayibonakala ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile abathintekayo e ebhayisikobho.

Trial ibhaluni Kalatozova njengoba umlobi kwakungomunye ifilimu "Kuyinto Tariel Mklavadze", esingu Ivanom Perestiani ngo-1925. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, Mikhail Kalatozov kakade usuthandana futhi njengoba nesazi njengenhlangano opharetha kule "Gulli" imidwebo futhi "igazi lwamaGypsy". Uzokwenza kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi umdali ifilimu edumile ethi "Cranes Ingabe Flying" is akakakujulukeli udumo makhulu njengoba kumdlali, naphezu ukubonakala kwakhe zemifanekiso, kodwa imisebenzi yakhe directorial babe filigree kanye nemihlangano yokufundisa. Mikhail Kalatozov, ogama amabhayisikobho kwesithathu kufakwe endaweni yengcebo kazwelonke Cinématographe, okokuqala ukuhlola yena kulesi sikhundla esisha ekupheleni the 20s.

umqondisi umsebenzi

Maestro umsebenzi aseqala kwaba ifilimu "Kingdom yabo", okuyinto waqondisa ngokubambisana Nutsoy Gogobiridze. Kakade kulesitfombe Mikhail Kalatozov waqala ukubonisa wokuziqambela angakavunwa, ukudala imiphumela eliyingqayizivele futhi izibani engeli, izuze esiphezulu abadlali okwangempela izinhlamvu. Ngo-1930 kwafika insizwa ethile isivele muntu okwamuka ifilimu ngokuthi "Usawoti of Svaneti" Sitshela ngokuphila umphakathi othile.

Uma wenza amafilimu Michael K. esetshenziswa impahla ethnographic uhlobo documentary, wakwazi ukumelana inkulumo ethile e ushintsho izinhlelo, okwenza lo msebenzi sasimthanda ifilimu a baxgeki ngokuthi "omuhle kakhulu".

ushintsho Temporal we-vector

Inkathi movie buthule kancane kancane kwangikhanyela engelutho, futhi womculo akuyona ngokushesha bakwazi ukubamba izitayela ezintsha zobuciko. I 1932nd Mikhail Kalatozov kudala ifilimu "nail ndza yakhe," kodwa umsebenzi angaliboni ezilalelini. Ukuhluleka ifilimu kuwumsebenzi othatha isikhathi kakhulu umqondisi Georgian. Yena ikhetha ukushiya umsebenzi ngesikhathi isethi. Maestro uya ukuzofunda State Academy of Art futhi kamuva waba inhloko yalawa Tbilisi studio Central. Ukuba kulesi sikhundla, Mikhail Kalatozov (igama langempela - Kalatozishvili) is kokuqala kwekuhlela kabusha kule nqubo movie, ukuze kuthuthukiswe amathuluzi nokusebenza isikhala isibonisi.

Nokho-ke, intuthuko enjalo bathandile anisoze zonke iziphathimandla, futhi emva kwesikhashana womculo wasolwa "ukutshala yesimanjemanje wobunxiwankulu." Kalatozov ethunyelwe umuzi iNeva.

Ukubuyela umqondisi

Ngasekupheleni kwawo-30 sika womculo uthola ukusebenzela "Lenfilm", okusho ukuqala ngokudubula ifilimu "Ngesibindi." Ngo-1941 uyaphuma yeshashalazi kungenye isithombe umqondisi - "Valery Chkalov". Bobabili amafilimu ukutshela zokwenziwe pilot Soviet, ngakho-ke, ube nempumelelo runaway nezethameli. Esiqintini baxgeki ifilimu efana Chkalov, kodwa isithombe protagonist eyadlalwa uVladimir Belokurova abe kwesibonelo sokulandelwa.

Mikhail Kalatozov kabani esithombeni ngemva "Valery Chkalov" ngeke uzitholele zonke emaphephandabeni kazwelonke, omenyiwe movie mayelana abashayeli bezindiza umsebenzi abadlali ovelele - Serafim Birman, Arkadiya Raykina, Mark Bernes. Ayikho womculo ezingadumile kakhulu uye walungiselela ifilimu "Invincible," kuyo Wathatha belingana umqondisi odumile Sergei Gerasimov ngo-1942.

Sebenza phesheya

Ngo umqondisi 1943 Mikhail Kalatozov ngeke adluliselwe okuthunyelwe zokuphatha kanye wathumela okwesikhashana wobunxiwankulu US. Lapha, uyokwenza ngendlela njengoba ogunyaziwe omele Cinema iKomidi ebhayisikobho Soviet. Ingabe kwakudaliwe phesheya lizokhuphuka yona ovelele Litsedeyami XX leminyaka - Charlie Chaplin, Jean Gabin, Anri Matissom.

Kusukela US womculo kuzoletha ubuchwepheshe besimanje ukudubula amafilimu kanye ukuzoqala studio "Mosfilm". Ngemva kwalokho, yena uyothatha yinhloko Main Directorate ubuciko namabhayisikobho, bese okuthunyelwe loMkhandlu IPhini likaNgqongqoshe namabhayisikobho zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Nokho, umqondisi Michael K. umsebenzi uzokhokha a lot of ukunakwa.

Ukuqhubeka komsebenzi njengoba umqondisi

Ngo-50-yalolucwaningo e izikrini Soviet ubonisa enye ifilimu Kalatozova ngokuthi "Uzungu we esasizobhujiswa" Wirth based udlala. Ukuze lo msebenzi, womculo waklonyeliswa Stalin Prize. Khona-ke Wakhumula ifilimu yakhe "Whirlwinds Elinokhahlo", okuyinto ugcwele libangele imiphumela engathi sina zezombusazwe. Ngo-1954 wathola iziqu umqondisi ukusebenza satirical ahlekisayo "Abangane Beqiniso", okuyinto namanje abathandwa izilaleli ezifuywayo lesizukulwane esidala. Futhi-ke, kuyafaneleka eceleni omkhulu wamabhayisikobho ashisa izikhotha namaSoviet "I Cranes Ingabe Flying", ukudalwa okuyinto Michael K. wasebenza ngo-1957.

Le ndaba neyobuntu emzabalazweni ukuthula isibe zakudala ebhayisikobho Soviet. Ngo-1964, izilaleli wabona ifilimu "Mina - Cuba", iskripthi okuyiwona Kalatozov wabhala nale mbongi Evgeniem evtushenko. Kugcine womculo movie kwaba "Itende Red" (1969). Indaba Umdlalo sika - indaba wangisiza bomkhankaso omisiwe Umberto Nobile.

ukuphila Siqu

Adume umqondisi ifilimu, wathola ngo-1965 isihloko Umculi Yabantu saseGeorgia, futhi ngo-1969 - isihloko Umculi Yabantu zase-USSR, yashada indodakazi inxusa lase-Italy uJeanne Valatsi. ubungane senzeke iholidi in Batumi. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-20-yalolucwaningo we womculo wazala indodana George, kamuva baqhubeka lwamakhosi kayise. Umlingani ngokushesha emva kokubeletha wathola Georgian yisakhamuzi ASSR. Nokho, umshado nokuboshelwa owezizwe, Mikhail Konstantinovich emva kwesikhashana zigoqiwe: umqondisi ushiye Georgia, noJeanne nendodana yakhe wahlala Tiflis.

Ngokusho umzukulu wakhe, Kalatozov, naphezu ikhefu ezisindayo umndeni, wayeyindoda ujabule, ngoba wakwazi ukufeza zonke lokho ayefuna kusuka ekuphileni. Ukuba enhlokodolobha enyakatho, umqondisi inkanuko ethanda actress Elenu Yunger, kodwa sasingawohloki ezizoba ndawonye. Michael K. wafa ngo-March 26, 1973, futhi wangcwatshwa Novodevichy emathuneni dolobha.