"Kuleshov Effect" - ifilimu-ebhukwinitifundvo nesabelo Cinematographer

Ingane ilele ebhokisini lokungcwaba, intombazane sexy embhedeni, nge isitsha isobho elishisayo umlingisi eyed I. I. Mozzhuhina - lusizi ngokujulile, nenkanuko, indlala abanolaka. Kunalokho, akusiyo amehlo, hhayi ngempela umlingisi - ke Kuleshov Effect. Lev Kuleshov, omkhulu virtuoso oqondisa futhi kinoteoretik, ngakho usebenzisa izinhlelo ezintathu static, zixhunywe isithombe esifanayo ebusweni Mozzhukhina kufakazela ukuthi okushiwo kwelinye ipulanka bakwazi ngokuphelele ukushintsha okushiwo kulowo odlule.

Abahluleli umbukeli kusimongcondvo

Lokhu engavamile ngokwengqondo waphawula futhi baloba umsunguli wokuqala kungase kutholakale ngokwesayensi kweSoviet ifilimu umkhakha Lev Kuleshov (1899-1970 GG.). Ngakho-ke, lesi simo, esikhiqiza umuzwa wangempela, wethiwa igama elithi "Kuleshov umphumela". Kuhloswe ukufakazela umphakathi kwamasiko isidingo nokubaluleka uhlela movie, bekatsatsa uchungechunge ucwaningo ngo-1910.

Lev 3 kinoetyuda izithombe nge-movie ovelele umlingisi yenkosi AI Mozzhukhina. kuphela umuntu umlingisi wabanjwa on tape, Ukuzwakalisa nhlobo umuzwa, hlangothi. Kuleshov Landelayo ethe njo amavidyo ne eduze Mozzhukhina ngokufaka phakathi ozimele ne isithombe isitsha isobho elishisayo, intombazane eziyengayo futhi ingane efile. Ready mini-movie filmmaker yabonisa osebenza nabo.

Kinoobschestvennost wajabula

Ngokusho ofakazi, izethameli wafika injabulo engachazeki 'ngobuqotho, ngobuqotho Mozzhukhina imidlalo ", okuyinto eqinisweni kwakuwukungabi bikho yalo njengoba enjalo. Uzokwenza kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi umphumela Kuleshov ukuthi ngokunqoba wathola ngomunye ngoba ebhayisikobho ngaleso sikhathi isanda kusungulwa, namandla alo ithonya wayebheke ngezinye izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka manje, uma izethameli yesimanje ejwayele ukusakaza okuphikelelayo vidiyo.

baxgeki ezithile baphikisa ngokuthi umphumela Kuleshov iye overestimated kakhulu, futhi eziningi ukuqonda umuntu ebheka Mozzhukhina njengoba hlangothi. Mhlawumbe, kulesi sitatimende, kukhona kancane ingqondo. ubuso I umdlali cool ngempela. Kodwa ngesikhathi ebuka enganakile kuziwa phakathi force umbukeli, kusukela izakhi disparate yokwakha nesithombe esisodwa nje. Ngokwesibonelo, umphumela waba Kuleshova esetshenziswa ngobuciko Abadali filmstrip "ngehlazo" (kuqondiswe yi Stiva Makkuina).

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Ukuze aqinisekise ifa eyigugu, ngo-1969, iqondiswe nguSimon Raytburt, Umculi Ezigcwalisiwe zase-USSR, ifilimu imiklomelo Film Festival e Venice, ngokuvumelana A. simo Konoplev ukudubula biopic documentary Lev Kuleshov. Uzungu igxile umuntu we umsunguli we-Institute of namabhayisikobho, iqukethe amaqiniso yomlando wakhe, incazelo umsebenzi yokulinga futhi zacabanga ukuthi abenzi mafilimu okukhulu. Le filimu documentary "Kuleshov Effect" Amalotha Raytburt, umfundi ka-Lev Vladimirovich, esingu bebheke ethandwa isayensi amafilimu.

Intambo ovamile ngokusebenzisa zonke lelandzisako ilandela umqondo Al'tshuler ukuthi ukuze udale isithombe ezihambayo, umqondisi kumele akwazi ukwakha ulinganiswe izigcawu eceleni wathwebula, inqanyuliwe futhi ukudideka zibe munye. Umqondisi ubophekile ukuba uqhathanise ozimele disparate i lonke ekahle, inani elihle kunawo for akhulelwe Rhythmic ukulandelanisa, ingafana kanjani nengane, ezakha cubes KaMose noma alo lonke ibinzana. Futhi kule ifilimu lelandzisako Raytburta Kuleshov okukhulunywa encwadini "Ubuciko Cinema" ngo-1929, echaza zonke athokoza umqondisi omkhulu, kamuva owaba ukutolika paradigmatic imisebenzi emibili eyisisekelo ukufakwa cinematic.

Amathiphu kusukela master

Le filimu Raytburta Kuleshov yamemezela amazwi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi indiva abenzi mafilimu imfundamakhwela. Maitre oqondisa weluleka abaqondisi ekulungiseleleni kwesigcawu ngasinye ngaphambi kokuthi azidubule naye ukucabanga ukufakwa esizayo. Ngokusho Lev Vladimirovich, ukufakwa phakathi zokukhiqiza ifilimu kumele kunakwe kulo zombhalo, ukuprakthiza, ngesikhathi ngokudubula, ngaphandle kwalokho isithombe uyakuphakama kanzima ngokwanele. Soviet cinema umsunguli inxusa bonke abalandeli ukukhumbula njalo ukuthi umphumela odlule ngokudubula isiqephu esilandelayo.

Ekuqaleni inkathi okujabulisa obandayo

"Kuleshov Effect" - ifilimu kabani ukubaluleka ayikwazi overestimated. Phela, indlela ukusebenza ifilimu, kusungulwe Kuleshov, nakuba neze esetshenziswa njengoba injalo emsulwa, kodwa ngokuqinisekile kwaphawula ukuqala inkathi ucwaningo obandayo. Ngokusho imfundiso yokuziphendukela Leo V abenzi mafilimu ngafunda sihlanganise amasu kucabangela imikhuba yabo siqu-copyright.

Futhi umphumela Kuleshov kubaluleke ayisisekelo - ke bafunda futhi baba uqhubeka utadisha Psychology, bazisa futhi abaqondisi namanje ehola besikhathi sethu, Kubrick futhi Hitchcock ngenkuthalo awusebenzisa lapho kudalwa wemisebenzi yakhe yobungcweti. Ngisho e omkhulu wamabhayisikobho ashisa izikhotha lanamuhla futhi okuvusa usinga ungahlangana emthunzini wakhe liqhaqhazela. Ngokwe-theory possessed ukufakwa Jean-Luc Godard sika, ukufakwa akulutho yesimanje eqhathaniswa elalisebenzela abaqondisi 1920.