Indlela yokwenza iphepha polyhedron. Polyhedra Paper - isikimu

Iphepha yezandla - kuyinto ezihlukahlukene amakhadi kanye izicelo ezenziwe ngendlela imikhiqizo flat hhayi kuphela. izibalo zokuqala kakhulu etholwe imodeli unhlangothi-ntathu (1 isithombe). Ngokwesibonelo, kwakhiwe lephepha polyhedron. Cabangela ezinye izindlela zayo, usebenzisa imidwebo nezithombe.

umlando Umumo

isayensi sidilizwa zezibalo simile esikhathini eside esidlule, ezikhathini ukuchuma lasendulo bese kuba iGrisi. Khona-ke kwanqunywa ukuxhumanisa izici lobuchwepheshe we nefilosofi. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvumelana nezimfundiso UPlato (omunye yongqondongqondo basendulo), ngamunye polyhedra ehlanganisa eziningi izindiza ezifanayo umele omunye isici. Bobunjwa onxantathu - octahedron futhi Tetrahedron icosahedron - elihlobene ne emoyeni, emanzini umlilo, ngokulandelana, futhi ingase ibe nomunye ngenxa ukufana kobuso, ngamunye ephethe apexes ezintathu. Umhlaba elifanekisela hexahedron tikwele. A dodecahedron, sibonga ubuso ekhethekile pentagonal, wenza indima zokuhlobisa, futhi sibonelo of ngobunye nangokuthula.

Siyazi futhi ukuthi omunye sezibalo ngesiGreki Euclid wazibonakalisa lapho efundisa, "Ukuqala" okwakhe wabhekisela ukudla okuqinile kaPlato kanye nempahla yabo "bamba" phakathi sphere (isithombe 2). Lolo thando ungalubonisa ngephepha polyhedron ngu alo a serried phakathi amabili onxantathu equilateral. Isikimu ukhombisa bafundzi iphethini for yokukhiqiza izibalo. Ake sicabangele zonke izigaba umsebenzi ukudalwa i icosahedron.

senza icosahedron

I icosahedron yakhiwa onxantathu isosceles alinganayo. It kungenziwa eligoqiwe kalula usebenzisa kuboniswe ePhuzwini 2 shanela. Thatha ishidi elingunxande lephepha. Dweba-ke amabili ezifanayo ngobukhulu kanye shape onxantathu, okuwenza aqondane imigqa emine. Kulokhu, babhekene ngeke kanyekanye kube inhlangano kwenye. Iphethini okuholela isetshenziselwa okwenza preform. Kuzoba sihluke base-shanela khona isibonelelo kunenze nisondelane kuwo wonke iziqu. Sika iphepha elingenalutho, igoqe kanye imizila. Zihlanganisa polyhedron ezenziwe iphepha, isekhethi imigqa kakhulu phakathi kwabo. Kulokhu vertices of onxantathu ukuxhuma iphuzu elilodwa.

polyhedra avamile

Wonke la manani ihluke kwezinye inombolo ehlukile ngamunye sinezici futhi ifomu yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenziwa kwezinye tinkhulumo eligoqiwe kusukela ishidi elilodwa (njengoba kuchaziwe Isibonelo womshini icosahedron) abanye - kuphela ngokusebenzisa iqoqo amamojuli eziningana. Kubhekwe classical polyhedra njalo. Kusukela ababezenzele iphepha, kokulandela imithetho main wesimethri - khona isifanekiso ngokuphelele ubuso ezifanayo. Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu eziyinhloko lezinombolo. Ithebula elilandelayo inikeza ulwazi mayelana amagama abo, izinombolo kanye ezakhiwe sobuso:

A ezihlukahlukene bobunjwa

Ngesisekelo zilwane ezinhlanu ohlwini, usebenzisa amakhono kanye ngeso lengqondo, izingcweti lula ukuklama onobuhle eziningi ezahlukene aphume iphepha. I polyhedron engase ihluke kakhulu kusukela ngenhla echazwe izingcezu ezinhlanu, siyaqoqwa kanyekanye usebenzisa ubuso ezahlukene, ezifana tikwele onxantathu. etholwe Ngakho umzimba buoyancy. Futhi uma eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ubuso miss, uthola i ijamo evulekile njengoba ibukwa yizo zombili ngaphandle nangaphakathi. Ukuze womshini onobuhle okuqinile usebenzisa amaphethini ekhethekile ezibaziweyo kusuka obukhulu, kahle ugcine ukuma, ephepheni. Yenza futhi polyhedra olukhethekile lwephepha. AmaSu imikhiqizo zibala khona amamojulu ophumile. Ake sihlole izindlela ukwakha sibalo elihle kakhulu phezu isibonelo dodecahedron (isithombe 3).

Indlela yokwenza iphepha polyhedron ezilele nambili: indlela yokuqala

Lesi sibalo ngokuthi dodecahedron stellated. Ngamunye vertices kwayo base yayo kuyinto pentagon njalo. Ngakho-ke, ukwenza izindlela ezimbili polyhedra ezinjalo ephepheni. womshini izifunda kuzohluka kancane kusuka komunye nomunye. Esimweni sokuqala-ke ucezu olulodwa (isithombe 4), ngenxa ukusonga okuyinto uphendulela umkhiqizo osuphelile. Ngaphandle ubuso main bukhona sibalo ingxenye yokuxhuma i kunenze nisondelane, ngawo sibalo okuhlanganisiwe linye. Ukuze womshini a polyhedron indlela yesibili ukwenza ehlukile amaphethini amaningi. Cabangela le nqubo iyasebenza ngokuningiliziwe.

Indlela yokwenza polyhedron ezenziwe iphepha: indlela yesibili

Ungacebi isifanekiso ezimbili eziyinhloko (isithombe 5):

- Okokuqala. Dweba indilinga eshidini bese ehlukana yonkana nezingxenye ezimbili. Omunye kuyoba isisekelo sibonelo, arc yesibili ukususa ngokushesha ukuze kube lula. Hlukanisa isiqeshana saba izingxenye ezinhlanu alinganayo kanye nomkhawulo lo engaba engu- zonke izingxenye. Lezi yi e zihlanganiswa ndawonye onxantathu ezinhlanu ezifanayo isosceles. Sondelani eseduze ingxenye phakathi ngqo umkhumbi efanayo, kodwa esibukweni isithombe. Ingxenye okuholela ngesikhathi incishisiwe libukeka Izigaxa ezimbili. Ukwakha lwamaphethini efanayo kuzo zonke nesithupha kuwo. Ukuze gluing kulona usebenzisa engxenyeni yesibili, okuyinto izokwenziwa ngaphakathi.

- Okwesibili. Le ndlela - inkanyezi ezinhlanu olucijile. Landela efanayo izicucu eziyishumi nambili. Zihlanganisa polyhedron, lenkanyezi ngayinye nge izimisele upwardly ekugcineni ibekwe ngaphakathi izingxenye oyindilinga futhi banamathela ubuso.

icala Okugcwele sibalo etholwe ngokuxhuma ezengeziwe double block izingxenye lephepha, luwathathe ngaphakathi. Ukumodela imikhiqizo kuyinkinga ukubenza ezahlukene ngobukhulu. Iphele imodeli lephepha polyhedra akulula ngakho ukwandisa. Akwanele nje ubabonelele yonke imingcele yangaphandle. Sidinga ngemvumo eceleni ngamunye ubuso. Kuphela ngale ndlela kungenzeka ukuthola ikhophi lakhulisiwe imodeli sokuqala. Ukusebenzisa indlela yesibili yokukhiqiza i polyhedron, kwenza kube lula kakhulu, njengoba kuyoba okwanele ukwandisa workpiece kokuqala, okuyinto azenzile inani elidingekayo izingxenye.