Imithetho neziqondiso ezithinta imisebenzi abo ekulwa nebugebengu. № 273-FZ-December 25, 2008 "Ngo Ukulwisana Inkohlakalo"

Izindlela eziyinhloko nezinhloso nemigomo yeNhlangano inkhohlakalo imihlola, izindlela zokubhekana nale uhlobo ubugebengu, imigomo esemthethweni imisebenzi elwisana nenkohlakalo - konke lokhu kulawulwa uMthetho Federal Yokulwa Nenkohlakalo. Amaphuzu ayinhloko ebekwe okusalungiswa umthetho okufakiwe kuzoxoxwa ngakho ngokuningiliziwe kulesi sihloko.

izici Jikelele we Bill

FZ "Ngo Ukulwisana Inkohlakalo" kwavunyelwana Disemba 25, 2008. Lo Mthethosivivinywa uhlinzeka nje ezimbili izincazelo "ukubola". Endabeni wangaphambili sichaza ukoniwa njengoba nokusebenzisa kabi igunya professional, sipha umuntu noma sithola izipho zenkohliso, ukufumbathisa kwezohwebo noma ukusetshenziswa ngokungemthetho isikhundla sakhe sabaprofethi. Esikhathini definition zenkohlakalo yesibili inikeza iqoqo imibono inqubo, kodwa izibophezele engokomthetho.

FZ "Ngo Ukulwisana Inkohlakalo" futhi ichaza umqondo, kakade kuboniswa isihloko umthetho. Ukulwa emacaleni enkohlakalo okukhulunywe emisebenzini ethile kahulumeni ejensi kahulumeni, okuhloswe ngaso nokuvimbela inkohlakalo, ukuqedwa izimbangela zalo, kuncishiswa imiphumela ukoniwa, nokunye. D.

Ngaphezu umthethosivivinywa okulindile (№273 FZ sangomhla Disemba 25, 2008), kumele nathi ukugqamisa ezinye iziqondiso federal zomthethosisekelo kanye federal, izinqumo soMthetho woHulumeni futhi uMongameli Russian Federation, kanye ezinye izenzo zomthetho kamasipala.

izimiso eziyisisekelo

Imithetho neziqondiso ezithinta imisebenzi elwisana nenkohlakalo isekelwe ezimisweni eziyisisekelo ezibekwe sihloko 3 Bill enixoxa ngalo. Kuwufanele ukugqamisa lokhu okulandelayo:

• semthethweni kanye obala;
• semthethweni, ukwaziwa, nokuvikelwa kanye nekwenyusa amalungelo nenkululeko isakhamuzi Russian Federation;
• lokhu imisebenzi ejensi ahlukahlukene (ezingeni federal noma kamasipala) ukuqaliswa elwisana nenkohlakalo izinyathelo.
• kuqala isicelo izinyathelo ezihlose nokuvimbela emacaleni enkohlakalo;
• isimiso kwesiphetho ngemiphumela emacaleni enkohlakalo;
• wokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo yetinhlobo letehlukene izinyathelo - Ulwazi, ezenhlalo, zomthetho, kwezomnotho kanye nezinye;
• Vala ukubambisana neziphathimandla zikahulumeni nezikhungo civil, abantu abahlukahlukene, kanye nezinhlaka zamazwe ngamazwe.

Kufanele futhi ukhulume isimiso kunalokho ebalulekile yokulwa nobukhohlakali - ukubambisana kwamazwe omhlaba (Isigaba 4 yoMthetho). I Russian Federation iyizwe ngenkuthalo ibambisane lenhlanganiso zamanye amazwe ngendlela elandelayo:

• exchange kolwazi ezihlobene nezindaba ku ekulweni nemikhuba eyonakele;
• Ukukhomba, esolwa ubugebengu;
• kwencazelo impahla eyatholakala ngokuhamba ukuthengiselana, bonakele bonke;
• kusebentisana umsebenzi ezihlobene zokuvimbela zenkohlakalo;
• ukuhlinzeka ulwazi izinto ezihlukahlukene, amasampula, izinto, njalo njalo. d.

Ngakho, umthetho kahulumeni kubhekwe usungula inombolo ngokwanele ezinkulu izimiso nemisebenti lehlose inkhohlakalo.

lezisekelo yenhlangano

Imithetho neziqondiso ezithinta imisebenzi elwisana nenkohlakalo kuqinisa amandla iziphathimandla ngabanye kanye izikhulu. Ikakhulukazi, kumelwe kuphawulwe namandla uMongameli Russia:

• liqine kwekhono federal emizimbeni eliphezulu siqinise impi yokulwa nenkohlakalo ukubonakaliswa;
• ukuzimisela iziqondiso main emkhakheni isimo ukulwa nenkohlakalo.
• ukushicilelwa izimiso kamongameli ku inkhohlakalo.

Yiziphi izinyathelo okufanele lelisu iziphathimandla yase-Russian Federation? Ngokusho lesi sikweletu, uMkhandlu Federal sizoqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa kanye ukutholwa yoMthetho lapho sibeka ukuthi impi yokulwa nenkohlakalo. Yegatsha wesiShayamthetho kufanele futhi iqaphe imisebenzi zemizimba esiphezulu. Uhulumeni waseRussia kufanele bakwenze ukusatshalaliswa imisebenzi ukuqeda ubukhohlakali phakathi iziphathimandla ukuphoqelelwa, okuyilokho, eqinisweni, uhulumeni uqobo kanye umkhondo. Zonke ezinye izitho - komasipala ethile, kufanele bakwenze elwisana nenkohlakalo ngaphakathi kwamandla ayo.

Russian emizimbeni komthetho aphoqelelwe ukuba ngokushesha azise zonke ezinye izimo ubugebengu nenkohlakalo. Enqabela inkohlakalo ubuchwepheshe izenzo normative esemthethweni nekukhatsateka kwekhono izidumbu ehilelekile ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo.

izinyathelo

Imithetho neziqondiso ezithinta imisebenzi elwisana nenkohlakalo, ikakhulukazi, umthetho okusalungiswa (Isigaba 6), ubeka izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zokuvimbela ukonakala. Lapha, kufanele izinyathelo ezilandelayo ezigqanyisiwe:

• ku nokumela ensimini - ekudalweni futhi kwetinhlavu imvelo yezenhlalakahle ukungabekezelelani zengqondo ukuba nemikhuba eyonakele;
• elwisana nenkohlakalo ubuchwepheshe izenzo normative esemthethweni kanye imiklamo yabo;
• Ukubuyekeza ngesikhathi esifanele ahlukahlukene iziphathimandla komthetho, ezinkantolo esithile;
• isethulo se-okuthiwa nezimfuneko izimfanelo izakhamuzi isiRashiya, abathi imisebenzi yomphakathi; ukuhlolwa kwalo lonke ulwazi ezonikeza lezi izakhamuzi;
• ekusunguleni isisekelo nokususwa esikhundleni noma ukuxoshwa esemthethweni ngokuqondene imisebenzi yakamuva nenkohlakalo; hlola izikhulu izindleko, imali, impahla kumuntu nasemkhayeni wakhe, nokunye nokunye..;
• isingeniso umsebenzi iziphathimandla zikahulumeni imithetho ekhethekile owawuthi abasebenzi siyofeza umsebenzi wabo njengoba engafihli futhi esheshayo;
• ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhungo lokulawula asephalamende zomphakathi phezu ukugujwa kokuthwasa ukubulawa kwabo umthetho RF (ngokukhethekile, umthetho okukhulunywa).

Ngakho, umthetho okusalungiswa okufakiwe usungula izinyathelo sasivumela uhlanzekile futhi ucwebile nokuvinjelwa izenzo zenkohlakalo.

Izindawo womsebenzi

Isisekelo esingokomthetho siqinise impi yokulwa nenkohlakalo ukunquma imisebenzi ebalulekile iziphathimandla zikahulumeni. Isigaba 7 yomthetho okukhulunywa uthi impi yokulwa nenkohlakalo ekhombisa kumele kube ngokuhambisana nemisebenzi iziphathimandla:

• ukulandelwa kwale nqubomgomo yokusetshenziswa isimo emkhakheni inkhohlakalo;
• ukudalwa izindlela ezikhethekile okuhloswe ngaso nokubambisana phakathi kukahulumeni kanye abomthetho ne ikhomishini asephalamende yomphakathi ngoba impi yokulwa nenkohlakalo;
• ukwamukelwa of zokuphatha, umthetho noma ezinye izindlela, i-main Umnqopho we okuyinto ukuheha kanye nabasebenzi bakahulumeni kamasipala ngenkuthalo ukuqeda ubukhohlakali ukubonakaliswa;
• kumiswa sengqondo esingaqondile umphakathi maqondana nenkohlakalo;
• ukwethulwa kwamazinga abo ekulwa nebugebengu ethize, kuhlanganise eziningi imikhawulo, enqabelo noma izimvume;
• ubambe ubunye amalungelo izinceku kamasipala kanye civil;
• ekuqinisekiseni ukuzimela abezindaba;
• Yesimanje oda bemisebenti yemphakatsi;
• nokususa imikhawulo kwezomnotho ongenangqondo kanye enqabelo;
• ukuqinisekisa ubuqotho, ukuthembeka, okukhululekile ukuqaliswa kwe-iziphathimandla zikamasipala kanye nesimo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo kwempahla.

Ukuhlinzekwa kolwazi mayelana iholo kanye nezindleko indlela eyinhloko ekulweni nenkohlakalo kuhulumeni. Ngalolu futhi kuzoxoxwa kamuva.

Ukuhlinzekwa kolwazi mayelana iholo kanye nezindleko

Idatha engenayo, ubunikazi impahla nezikweletu ekhona, kanye nengeniso umndeni kufanele athumele kumqashi kulaba bantu abalandelayo:

• Izakhamizi ngokufaka isicelo indawo ejensi kahulumeni;
• bamazwe abafisa ukuthatha imisebenzi Central Bank of the Russian Federation;
• abantu nokusebenzisa izindawo enkonzweni kamasipala, kanye nezinye eziningi yemizimba ngandlela-thile ezihlobene neziphathimandla zikahulumeni ezisohlwini uhlu ahlukene, eyasungulwa izenzo lelawula Russian Federation, abasebenzi bezinhlangano eziphethwe uhulumeni, nokunye. d.

I-oda zokubukwa ulwazi engenayo nephumayo kungaphansi kwemithetho yamazwe ethize futhi izenzo normative zezomthetho Russian Federation. Kulokhu, lonke ulwazi etholwe isimo nokufinyelela okunqunyelwe. Uma isakhamuzi akakwazi ukuya ehhovisi zomphakathi, amangalelwe, zonke uthumele ulwazi lwabo kuyodingeka ukuba kubhubhe namunye. Zabantu abatholakala benecala ukusakazwa kolwazi olunikezwe ngumfakisicelo umuntu ku engenayo nephumayo, kuyoba sezomthetho ngokuhambisana nomthetho wabantu bonke Russian.

I ukungqubuzana

Inkinga inkohlakalo Russia sisabenza ngenxa yezizathu eziningi. Omunye wabo - khona okuthiwa ukungqubuzana kwezinhloso zenzuzo e uphenyo lwenkohlakalo. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa ezichazwe Article 10 Bill enixoxa ngalo. Yikuphi kulokhu libhekisela?

Ukungqubuzana kwezinhloso zenzuzo iyisimo lapho isakhamuzi unesithakazelo ezinomthelela ukusebenza nokungakhethi umgomo imisebenzi yazo, okungase kwephule umthetho okhona kakade. Kalula nje, yingoba kuyinto ukuhlukumeza evamile yamandla. Qalisa izimali ngendlela impahla, imali noma kwamanye amasevisi, ngokuvumelana imiphumela umsebenzi owawenziwa noma ukuthola ezinye zezinzuzo ngezinye izikhathi kungaba emthethweni. Settlement ukungavumelani kungumsebenzi izidumbu ezilandelayo:

• Central Bank of the Russian Federation;
• izinkampani zomshuwalense yomphakathi;
• Pension Fund we Russian Federation namanye Ngokwesibonelo.

Inqubo yokuvimbela ephathelene nokungqubuzana kwezinhloso zenzuzo kulokhu inqunywe Article 11 zoMthetho Federal enixoxa ngalo. Abasebenzi izimo eshiwo ngenhla kufanele sitsatse tinyatselo letibalulekile kute bagweme ukungqubuzana okuthile kwezinzuzo. Basuke edingekayo ukuze azise umqashi ngesimo futhi ngicele usizo lwakhe. Umqashi ubophekile ukuba athathe zonke izinyathelo kunokwenzeka ukuze axazulule izingxabano. Uma umuntu othintekayo ingathathwa izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuba lesi simo-ke sikwazi ukukhuluma wephula phezu ingxenye yomuntu, okuyinto umthombo ingxabano.

imikhawulo

Ukulwa nokonakala ukubonakaliswa kungaba ukumane awunakuba khona ngaphandle kokuthethelela ukwethulwa komthetho wamanje ezithile elwisana nenkohlakalo enqabela, izimfuneko, imibandela yesevisi yomphakathi nokunye. D. Konke lokhu izakhi ukusiza ukuvimbela inkohlakalo enzeka phakathi abasebenzi bakamasipala, uhulumeni, umthetho kanye nezinye iziphathimandla. Isigaba 12 zoMthetho Federal olucutshungulwayo ubeka izingqinamba eyisisekelo ukuba onikezwe abasebenzi ohlwini izimo.

Ngakho, isakhamuzi, iminyaka emibili emva umhlalaphansi kumitimba yahulumende unekhono ekufezeni imisebenzi ethile yomsebenzi kamasipala noma sikahulumeni ukuze uxazulule ephathelene nokungqubuzana kwezinhloso zenzuzo (kodwa kuphela imvume yalo myalo). Njengoba umuntu wake waxoshwa eminyekeni kusukela umphakathi, it is aveze ulwazi endaweni yangaphambili umsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umqashi, owathatha ukusebenza umsebenzi wakhe wangaphambili zikahulumeni, kufanele ngokushesha nje bika endaweni wokugcina umsebenzi ulwazi ukusebenza ngamunye (ngokuvamile eziphathelene inkontileka umsebenzi, wabelwa ukuba ngeqhaza kanye nemisebenzi ye-isakhamuzi, nokunye. D.). Uma umqashi kwephula le duty, isenzo esinjalo ke ingathiwa ieala, kulandele umthwalo. Libuye uzinake okulandelayo:

• abantu abasebenza e isimo. Iziphathimandla akumelwe esikhundleni nezinye somphakathi (uma kukhona akujiki esungulwe yimithetho kahulumeni);
• bakahulumeni musa Unelungelo ukuzibandakanya kumsebenzi ebhizinisi - ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile.
• abasebenzi abavunyelwe usebenzisa ulwazi baphathiswe ngesikhathi izinjongo lisemsebenzini;
• abasebenzi akumele amukele imivuzo, izimali noma umholo alinikezelwanga umthetho we Russian Federation.

Futhi lokhu akuyona yonke imingcele eyethulwe zoMthetho Federal.

ku isibopho sezomthetho

Ukuze kungenzeka ubugebengu nenkohlakalo kubantu Russian, kanye nabantu bezinye izizwe labetibambile zokuphatha, isigebengu, zombango noma kwezigwegwe isithiyo. Umuntu wemvelo kabani icala ukwenza izenzo zenkohlakalo kubhekwa efakazelwe, ozakudinywa ithuba sesikhundleni ethile yomphakathi noma kamasipala isinqumo senkantolo.

Ukuxoshwa abantu izikhulu zikahulumeni, ezingase zithathwe ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

• ukwehluleka ukuthatha izinyathelo eziqinile zokuvimbela noma ukuxazulula ukungavumelani;
• ukubamba iqhaza kwabantu emisebenzini yezinhlangano commercial nsuku ikhokhwe;
• ukwehluleka ukunikeza ulwazi kazwelonke mayelana iholo kanye nezindleko;
• ukuqaliswa ubuso ibhizinisi;
• ukungena ubuso izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe, uma lokhu singanikezwanga umthetho we Russian Federation.

Inkohlakalo ezikweletwayo ngabanikazi zomthetho ukusungula izinkantolo ngesicelo neziphathimandla. Uma efakwe inhlangano iwayini, akusiyo ekhululiwe umthwalo futhi umuntu icala. Bobabili abantu kuyoba sezomthetho ngokuhambisana nomthetho waseRussia.

Okubukwe umthetho kahulumeni akuyona kakhulu ukusho mayelana wemfanelo izakhamuzi wenkohlakalo. Isigaba 13 zoMthetho Federal "Ngo Ukulwisana Inkohlakalo" kunalokho izithinta nezinye amakhodi, ezisuka isijeziso esinobulungisa salokhu emacaleni zilwane.

amasheke

EKomidi Ukulwisana Inkohlakalo ngaphansi uMongameli Russian Federation, kaMongameli Administration, kanye namanye amagunya Unelungelo afeze amasheke ekhethekile:

• ku nokwethenjelwa ukuphelela ulwazi izindleko, imali engenayo, bese impahla nezibopho izakhamuzi ngokufaka isicelo esikhundleni wombuso noma kamasipala izikhundla;
• ku ngokugcinwa abantu abasebenza e-ejenti kahulumeni, kanye nezihlobo zabo, okwamanje uMthetho Federal kanye neminye imithetho ephathelene siqinise impi yokulwa nenkohlakalo.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwabaqondisi be-anti-nenkohlakalo kungaba kwenziwe ngaphandle kwezinye ukuhlolwa kwenziwe yizikhulu, ikhomishini ekhethekile noma amayunithi.