Hammond Isitho: umlando, incazelo, isithombe

Hammond isitho lakhiwa ngo-1935. Sici Its esiwuphawu wukuthi kuba insimbi hhayi kuphela mechanical zomculo, nethusi nezinye kwezitho electromechanical. Igama ithuluzi yethiwa kumdlali nomklami - L. Hammond.

Lasekuqaleni injongo isitho Hammond

Kwakungekhona ukuthi ithuluzi ezibizayo, njengoba ezejwayelekile ipayipi isitho. Ngakho-ke, ibandla walithenga esikhundleni. Kodwa kwathi isitho Hammond kufanelekile ukusebenza blues neminye imiculo yesimanje. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lithulusi lemculo kwakwandile ezingaphezu kuka obekulindelekile. It wasetshenziselwa ensembles lempi zomculo, ke wafunda izwi usebenzisa ucwaningo acoustic. Sathenga futhi abantu ngoba yasekhaya umculo ukwenza.

Umlando eyasungulwa

Inventor Laurens Hammond has a neqhaza ku ingxenye okutholakele. Ngokwesibonelo, i-stereoscopic wayedabuka umqondo wakhe. Zonke ngenxa patent yakhe 80, futhi owokuqala babo wayeneminyaka engu-16 Hammond ubudala. Umzimba, okuyinto idivayisi lwakhiwe ngokucophelela, wayengeyena lokuqala brainchild yakhe.

Ngokuthenga ithikithi esetshenziswa upiyano, wathatha okhiye futhi abayisebenzisa for ucwaningo lakhe isizukulwane umsindo. Ukuthuthukisa indlela kagesi play umsindo, ngemva konyaka umklami wakwazi ukwethula insimbi entsha ngesikhathi Industrial Sikhungo. Isisekelo zamagama komsindo isignali ukukhiqizwa kabusha uye amasondo mechanical lwemisindvo. Iziyisikhombisa wasiza uhlanganise lezi zinhlobonhlobo zezenzo ezingafanele uphawu lukagesi. Injini ligijima disk nge onqenqemeni mihlobiso. Ikhibhodi ye-elektroorgana actuated, ngenxa disc ngamunye odlalwa inothi. uzibuthe Electric elise okuphambene. Ijubane ukuphendula imvamisa, echazwa "semfene" we disk kwakhiwa ithoni ukuphakama ethile. Ngu ithoni Harmonics eziningana kwanezelwa, okuyinto ababenomthwalo wemfanelo imisindo ephakeme futhi aphansi. Nerejista ukulungisa ivolumu. Njengoba umsindo kwemiqondo ngenxa yesenzo motor zokuvumelanisa, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi umlobi kokusunguliwe samanje.

I yephathenti Hammond isitho kanye lokuhweba

Esikhathini sethu, amaJapane inkampani Suzuki ungumnikazi brand umculo Hammond, kusukela atholwe lokhu lokuhweba. Suzuki, ukukhuluma ngokuqinile yezimoto eside ibuke insimbi. zokuchaza eziningana abayi ziqhathaniswa izitho yokuqala electronic zavezwa. Zibizwa ngokuthi ama-dummy kuphela ngokuziqhathanisa ithuluzi yokuqala. Ngo-2011, lo division kwamiswa Hammond Suzuki.

Hammond yena ithuluzi iye yaba nelungelo lobunikazi ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu, ngo-1934. Ngokusobala lokhu kwakubangelwa isimo sezimali kanye nezombusazwe ezifanele. Ekuqaleni itholakale ukudayiselwa imodeli sidumbu 2 ikhibhodi nge 61 inothi. A u uhlinzekwa amarejista for ikhibhodi, isinyathelo 25 kanye isinyathelo amarejista. Isigungu seziPhathimandla usezuze udumo eside, kodwa iye yasiza kwezinye izimo.

Qala ukuthandwa

Kuvele indaba ethakazelisayo onjiniyela ababili ababesebenza ku Mnu Ford, ngubani Wabayala ukuba wenze uhlaka kagesi nge Ubukhulu ecacisiwe. Isikhathi sokwenza izabelo lwalulinganiselwe, futhi onjiniyela baye banquma ukuya Patent, lapho atholakele kakade ezikhishwe Hammond patent sokuchuma efanayo. Zonke imingcele ubungase ezifana wayala G. Ford. Kodwa kwakungewona nje ukuqondana kwezinto. Ford nje nesithakazelo umzimba omusha, ukufunda ngakho, futhi wanquma ukuthenga i-patent, ukugwema emphakathini. Umbhali kokusungulwa ungaqala ukuhweba nokujabulisa Ford akakuthandanga lokhu.

Onjiniyela ezisengozini Hammond enkingeni futhi wacela ukuthengisa lobunikazi. Ukuziletha Kwakuhlelwe kuphela Apreli 1934, okungukuthi, izinyanga ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwalesi senzakalo. Abacwaningi baye kunqatshelwe. Khona-ke uMnu Ford mathupha emcela ukuba eze ithuluzi emva inhlangano yayo.

Ford safike bajwayelane umzimba futhi akusho uyithenga, kodwa yathi ngemva kwamashumi amabili, wonke umuntu kufanele akwazi ukuthenga insimbi ikhaya zomculo. Ngemva okuyinto dinner wanikezwa. Manje, Ford ebuzwa ukuthi intengo, siqaphela yakhe, ngokushesha wathenga amakhophi ayisithupha. ejenti Hammond sika ufake intengo $ 1.250. Ngakho, ukudayiswa lokuqala izitho kwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba esethulweni e-Exhibition Industrial of Art.

Inkampani ukuthengisa izitho electronic

Isiphetho lithulusi lemculo kungaba kuyothiwa bayajabula. Hammond Wenze ukukopela omkhulu isendalini ngamunye. Kodwa-ke kumelwe kuthiwe Ford kwase embuza ngalo, ukunikela imali futhi izisebenzi inkampani. Phakathi nonyaka wakhe wokuqala ukuqaliswa wanika 1400 izingcezu izitho. abathengi ezingaba uzizwe esontweni, kodwa futhi eziningi abantu, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona uMongameli Roosevelt, wathenga ithuluzi.

Naphezu amanani aphezulu umzimba, ngenxa yokuthandwa kwayo kwaba okubaluleke ngisho nakakhulu. Eminyakeni emibili ezayo inkampani wenze inzuzo zamakhulu ezinkulungwane zamaRandi, okuyinto ngezindinganiso besikhathi sethu okulingana izigidi.

Ukubukeka izitha ukukhiqizwa yimpumelelo

Labo ekhiqizwa emizimbeni imifanekiso langaphambilini, okusho umoya, baye balahlekelwa ngenxa Ubukhulu compact ithuluzi elisha futhi cheapness yokuqhathanisa. Amanani zazimane incommensurable. Ukuqala ukudlala emakethe, abakhiqizi kukhona izikhulu wangaphambili bakhalaza Trade Commission. Isikhalazo equkethwe isicelo: Hammond akumele aqhubeke ngokuthi umzimba ithuluzi. Kunemininingwane ephelele yezizathu ayekade ebekwe ukuntula efanele umsindo uhla shades futhi harmonic, ngokwanele ukuhlangabezana emzimbeni.

Hlola elektroorgana ukuhambisana amasiko esonto

Lesi sitatimende zazingahambi ukulungisiswa yangempela, njengoba cishe kweqiniso. Umsindo ithuluzi kagesi ihlukile isitho isonto bendabuko. Kodwa umsebenzi akazange abheke kube sobala futhi wanquma uhlele umncintiswano ukuboniswa esontweni e-University of Chicago. Kusukela abalaleli kwaba umculo ezifihliwe wenziwa kunoma iyiphi into yokusebenza. Hammond Isitho noma yendabuko?

Amajaji lalinabashumayeli abafundi, kodwa kwaba eyodwa kuphela ingxenye yayo. Isigaba sesibili sihlanganisa abaculi abaziwayo kanye babashayeli. abaculi Professional wabanjwa umehluko ezimweni eziningi, kuyilapho abafundi abakwazanga ukuhlukanisa ukusebenza ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kodwa ngo-100% ukunquma umehluko wayengakwazi futhi iqembu.

Hammond inkampani iwine ilungelo bathi umzimba ithuluzi, kodwa wayalelwa ukuba ukukhangisa ke njengoba ithuluzi okungapheli umsindo ezahlukene. Lesi sibalo esiqondile selitholakele iyizigidi ezingu 253 amathoni.

mncintiswano

Okuqinile "Leslie" unqume ukukhiqiza amathuluzi ayo electronic zomculo efana Hammond, okuholela mncintiswano. zamanje Electric eMelika waqala ukuhumusha ukuvama 50 Hz at 60. D. Leslie esikhundleni ithoni ugesi ukuze iziphathimandla ezithintekile for umsindo. Ngaleso sikhathi wayefuna ukusebenza kule okuqinile Hammond, kodwa ngeke bashiywe ngaphandle abangaphumelelanga. Khona-ke wanquma ukuhlanganyela ukukhiqizwa izikhulumi ukuze isitho kagesi futhi izuzwe bokuphakama phezu onjiniyela Hammond.

Leslie ekhiqizwa Dynamics ukuthi inkampani isicelo Hammond isitho sakhe. Wawuyingxenye nzima ithuluzi nge izingxenye ligijima. Le nkampani elise ubudlelwane aba nanezimo ezingagculisi nakuba abasunguli babo bexabana futhi kwakungafanele enobungane. D. Leslie imikhiqizo kungukuthi ikhangiswe njengalabo labatimisele, kodwa izinga iwina.

I umbango yashiywa dengwane ngemva kokufa L. Hammond iqiniso lokuthi ngo-1980 inkampani yakhe wathenga inkampani ekukhiqizeni isikhulumi Leslie. Sam Lawrence Hammond washona ngo-1973.

Umklamo ithuluzi ukuthuthukiswa

Ngemva ukubukeka imodeli kuqala, amathuluzi ezilandelayo zomculo ngaphakathi kungukuthi njalo ngaphansi izinguquko ezinkulu. Ngokuvamile nje indawo emzimbeni. Kodwa kungenzeka ingasaphathwa kumadivayisi angeziwe, umklamo kakhulu olusha. Lokhu, isibonelo, vibrato, futhi kamuva lo yokukhulisa umsindo ezakhiwa zibe zomculo.

Leslie Izipikha futhi kwaba nomphumela engavamile, njengoba ifakwe ligijima horn kugqame. Lezi izingxenye kukhona ngokulandelana in the high futhi ongaphakeme imvamisa izipikha, ababili kuphela. Umsindo siyahlukahluka izilungiselelo eziyinkimbinkimbi: ithoni, imvamisa, ukuphakama kwawo namandla awo.

abadlali abadumile lomculo ku isitho Hammond

Hammond Isitho esetshenziselwa umculo udlala amaqembu umculo edume kunazo zonke, cishe wonke amaviyo idwala. Ngalezo zinsuku, ithoni isitho yayidumile kakhulu, ngakho ngaphandle zokuhlanganisa kube Ukwakheka kwabo Awukwazi ukwenza noma yikuphi umculi yesimanje. Ayikho rock band self-ukuhlonipha awuhambanga enkundleni ngaphandle isitho Hammond. Ngokwesibonelo, ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa band wakhe Deep Purple, kanye "The Beatles". Ngisho esikhathini Entrainment mass isampula ukudlala kwezinye synthesizers babe ezimbalwa amazwi akhe. Esikhathini sethu, isithakazelo amathuluzi zomlando savuka, ngakho Hammond isitho kwaduma futhi.

Umculi edume kakhulu ku -keyboard abadlale Hammond, wakhethwa ngenxa inhlolo-vo eyenziwa ikhibhodi magazini. Lena Keith Emerson, ngokuphindaphindiwe neyaziwayo njengoba kangcono ngonyaka. By the way, waphenduka esingavamile ngempela kusukela mshini wakhe. Nge izindwani ezivamile, wadinga uvikelekile okhiye ukuqinisekisa amanothi eside ukuzwakala, kuyilapho Waqhubeka udlale umculo ngezandla zombili. Ngemva kwalokho, kwaba ithuluzi lakhe elasetshenziselwa amasampula e-ethandwa Hammond isitho umsindo module Vintage Keys ngokuqinile E-mu.

Le nkathi emphilweni umzimba

Hammond Isitho injalo yasekuqaleni ayisekho eyenziwa ngo-1976, kwaba khona kuphela udumo okukhulu. Yathela ezihlukahlukene amamodeli we zomculo umsindo synthesizer, kodwa amaningi zibizwa ngokuthi ama ithoyizi ngokuqhathaniswa nokwangempela. Electronic umsindo zamagama, ukukopishela Hammond esekelwe chips inqubo kunalokho xaka uma kuziwa ukukhiqizwa kabusha olunembile. Kodwa kuze kube manje, izinkampani eziningi ube amathuluzi okulungisa ukukhiqiza izingxenye Hammond futhi bayilungise.

In the 70s ukukhiqizwa kwe onjiniyela Japanese ziye unamathisele, futhi ngo-1986, Suzuki waqala ukuthenga sha Hammond. Ngaleso sikhathi ayenakho kakade ngokuphelele Leslie yenkampani ephethwe. Manje esikhiqiza bebodwa Hammond sitho, a Japanese corporation isebenzisa izindlela eziningi ezahlukahlukene reproduction umsindo.