Ngo-Russia, eziningi izikhumbuzo engavamile futhi emangalisayo. Njengoba abhebhezela e egwadle, yemabula neyethusi wavunyelwa ngokomthetho hhayi kuphela izibalo olukhulu ebaziwe, inkosi sengathi ukuqhudelana okwakhe nomunye. Omunye ezikhumbuzo lebanti ezweni lethu - isikhumbuzo uhlamvu "e", setha emzini Ulyanovsk. benza umqondo yokudala ebaziwe ezinjalo nokuthi kungani wayengahambisani version lokuqala izakhamuzi zedolobha kanjani? Indaba Okugcwele yencwadi "e" futhi lesikhumbuzo wakhe siqu ngawe kulesi sihloko.
Inxanxathela izinhlamvu umlando
izingane zanamhlanje, unganqikazi ngekhanda zamagama Russian siqukethe 33 izinhlamvu. Kodwa esikoleni esiphakeme ebachazela ukuthi incwadi "e", uma kudingeka, le ncwadi kungenziwa indawo "e". Izinguqulo electronic imibhalo nakuleminye imibhalo yencwadi "e" is cishe ngeke lisetshenziswe isimiso. Lokhu uhlamvu uvele izincwadi Russian kuyinto esanda kuqalwa. Isiphakamiso ukwethula incwadi entsha e zamagama okokuqala ukubeka phambili inkosazana Ekaterina Dashkova - Umqondisi we Petersburg Academy of Sciences - e 1783. Ngo isiRashiya for yonke imisindo enikeziwe izincwadi, futhi "e" ka notation yayo sokuqhafaza kwadingeka. Nokho, lokhu kwakwenqatshelwe iye ngemibuzo: amaphrinta retrofitting ngaleso sikhathi zazibiza imali eshisiwe. Kodwa vele e 1796 encwadini eMoscow cindezela inyuvesi yanyatheliswa Nikolay Karamzin "Aoide" ulapho igama elithi "izinyembezi" ekulotshweni evamile nge "e" (ngaphambili ukuchaza umsindo esetshenziswa inhlanganisela izinhlamvu "io").
Le ncwadi "e" e isipelingi yesimanje
Uphawu omusha yabhalwa abanye kakade ezaqedwa eyikhulu ngemva yethula. Ngo-1918, ngokuhamba yezinguquko zemfundo uhlamvu "e" iye njengenkondlo ebonisa ozikhethela. Ngenkathi ubhala ke kungenziwa indawo inkulumo ethi "e". Namuhla incwadi enomlando engavamile ezifundiswa esikoleni, kodwa imibhalo eminingi olusemthethweni, kunalokho, kutuswa ukuba esikhundleni. zezilimi eziningi ungayithandi sengqondo esinjalo engenangqondo lupelomagama nendlela nesiko isiRashiya. Futhi lokhu ingenye yezizathu kungani lesikhumbuzo wadalwa incwadi "e". Nokho, akukhona konke kubi kangaka, abaningi wokunyathelisa yesimanje esetshenziswa lolu phawu. Ngokuvamile, esipelingi amazwi eliqukethe incwadi "e" kungabonwa hhayi kuphela izincwadi ezinkulu kanye nezincwadi, kodwa futhi omagazini evamile nasemaphephandabeni. Nokho, umbuzo ukuqedwa uphawu futhi silubonisa kusukela ukusetshenziswa kabanzi liphuma njalo.
A samuntu lokuqala lesikhumbuzo
Ngo-1997, lapho kugujwa iminyaka engu 200th yencwadi "e", yaphawula, futhi kwakunjalo ngalesosikhathi ukuthi umqondo yokudala ebaziwe engavamile. Itshe lesikhumbuzo yake anikezelwe izinhlamvu ukunyathelisa futhi umlobi wayo - indoda yokuqala wasebenzisa incwadi entsha '- NM Karamzin. Ulyanovsk okuye kwaziwa ngokuthi indawo ukufakwa into ebaziwe entsha. Ngo-2001, saba nomhlangano umncintiswano lapho kukhethwe indaba emfushane ka lesikhumbuzo esizayo. Ukuvunyelwa inikezwe umsebenzi umculi wendawo Aleksandra Zinina. Isikhumbuzo incwadi "e" kwaba eliqoshiwe egwadle ngohlamvu ukuphrinta iphindwa inguqulo yokuqala yokunyathelisa e-1797. ebaziwe Made lalizokwakhiwa egwadle abomvu. Nokho, impahla edingekayo wakhululwa ngesikhathi futhi kwadingeka ukusebenzisa etholakalayo lwetshe elimnyama. ukumiselelwa okunjalo ovunyelwe ukwenza into ebaziwe ngesikhathi. Itshe lesikhumbuzo lesikhumbuzo ngosuku esenzeka ngalo lesikhumbuzo e Ulyanovsk ukuze N. M. Karamzinu.
Yenza izakhamuzi zedolobha like lesikhumbuzo ukuze uhlamvu "e" (Ulyanovsk)?
ukuphendula Zikahulumeni lesikhumbuzo ezintsha, evulekile Septhemba 4, 2005, yayingacacile kahle. Ukuvulwa owawusenkundleni ethile esimweni zemikhosi, kanye isikhalazo ukuze izivakashi abamele kwenzeka kwabaphathi bedolobha. Abantu abaningi efana umqondo ka ukunaka kwabantu, ikakhulukati abasha, nempikiswano nokubhala futhi khumbula imithetho isipelingi. Kodwa nakhu ukuklanywa lesikhumbuzo ukuze abantu abambalwa kakhulu ithandiwe. Ulyanovsk izakhamizi waveza umbono wokuthi isikhumbuzo ezifana efana ezikhumbuzo nokungcwaba. Yiqiniso, ukuze 'yokungcwaba' incwadi akekho wayehamba. Futhi ukuklanywa we lesikhumbuzo lalizokwakhiwa zamatshe obomvu, bejabule futhi ophanayo. Ukuhlola umbono jikelele ebaziwe futhi ukusabela izakhamuzi, abadali lesikhumbuzo futhi wanquma ukwenza ibuyele okusalungiswa yasekuqaleni.
lesikhumbuzo entsha
lesikhumbuzo Kubuyekezwe uhlamvu "e" wawenziwe e Ulyanovsk legatsha lendawo lezeMpi inkampani yesikhumbuzo. Lokhu Itshe esingunxantathu wenza egwadle elibomvu futhi grey. Okuxakayo ukuthi la lesikhumbuzo kwenziwa ebusuku Novemba 3, 2005. Ngalesi isinyathelo kwabaphathi bedolobha has ngamabomu ukuze nidonse ukunaka kakhulu umphakathi. lesikhumbuzo esikhundleni engamboziwe ngaphambilini yabezindaba. Izintatheli sasixoxa ngakho kamuva. Izinto ngokwenza izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu yaletha esuka Rostov. Wayesebenza elisha lesikhumbuzo umqophi Alexander Zinin, usebenzisa iphrojekthi efanayo ngawo wayinqoba mncintiswano. Master wawuqondisa ngokwakhe umsebenzi phakathi nayo yonke inkathi yokukhiqiza. Itshe lesikhumbuzo yaqedwa ngesikhathi ngerekhodi yokudalwa yayo kwathatha nje cishe inyanga. Itshe okusha Libukeka kahle kakhulu futhi ngokuqinile kuka version yayo yokuqala. Namuhla-ke ingenye ezikhangayo, sibonga ngalo emzini Ulyanovsk zonke eRussia uyazi. Kungenxa nalesi ebaziwe bavame ukuba izithombe yizivakashi eziningi. Ingene lesikhumbuzo entsha e uhlu eziningi izinto angajwayelekile kanye engavamile wezwe lakithi. Futhi kwenzekani ebaziwe wokuqala? Kwakuthinta adiliza bese uyiswa Warehouse ka Military inkampani yesikhumbuzo. Kungenzeka ukuthi yake lolu 'ukulila' itshe ethuneni lakhe kubhalwe ukuthi ngenze njani ngempela.
Uphi lesikhumbuzo ukuze uhlamvu "e" kungabonwa?
Phakathi uhambo Ulyanovsk esidumile ungabona ngamehlo akho. Itshe lesikhumbuzo elimiswe phambi kwesakhiwo entsha Ulyanovsk lesifunda umtapo zesayensi. Noma yimuphi wendawo uzokutshela indlela efanele kuleli ebaziwe. Vele ubuze: "Uphi lesikhumbuzo ukuze uhlamvu" e "," Ikheli ezikhangayo ukukhomba kungenzeka, isendlini Boulevard entsha Venice. Eduze isakhiwo (umtapo) - Lane Karamzin, 3. lesikhumbuzo lamiswao eduze Boulevard empambana umzila Karamzin okusha Umqhele, ke olotshwe umhlobiso endaweni landscaped umtapo. Lapha kulula ukufinyelela by ezokuthutha zomphakathi noma imoto yangasese. Futhi ngisho noma lesikhumbuzo kungekho ezihlukile eziyinkimbinkimbi nensada imibala, kodwa ngendlela odinga ukuthi ubhekwe ngenxa angajwayelekile yayo kakade. Qiniseka ukuthi ahlole mathupha lesikhumbuzo ukuze uhlamvu "e". Ulyanovsk inama-inani elikhulu lamadoda ezinye ezikhangayo, kodwa lokhu - omunye bhá.