Ngokuchibiyela komzila womgwaqo: ubuchwepheshe, izindlela, GOST

Smooth eliphezulu umgwaqo evele ezinika amasondo umnyuziki isango ezokuthutha ngendwangu, yizona zihluthulelo umgwaqo ephephile futhi ethule. Mayelana zisetshenziswe ngaso sonke isikhathi endleleni njalo okudinga ukulungiswa kanye nokubuyekeza.

Okwamanje, uhlobo ethandwa kakhulu ukukhanda zokuhamba is ngokuchibiyela. Kuyinto le ndlela isetshenziswa kaningi kunabanye, ngoba okuningi inzuzo, esebenza kahle futhi ngokushesha. Nokho, lolu hlobo has a lot of izikhalazo ezivela abashayeli imoto ngubani ofunga izinga evele endleleni nokubhujiswa okusheshayo nezimagqabhagqabha ngemva ukulungiswa. Kodwa isizathu kungase kube, hhayi ubuchwepheshe ngokwayo, kodwa labo ukuyisebenzisa. Izinga ukulungisa incike ukuhambisana ngokuchibiyela ubuchwepheshe. Kaningi abasebenzi abanganaki musa ngisho sinake imigomo kanye nokudingekile okumele ilandelwe lapho kukhishwa nokugcinwa komgwaqo, isimo sengqondo sokunganaki ngakho futhi badebesele emsebenzini uya eba imbangela ukubhujiswa kwendawo egandaywe ngamatshe umgwaqo.

izinzuzo

ukulungisa Pothole komgwaqo akuhloselwe ukuba afeze umsebenzi ukubuyiselwa nezokuxhumana, ukudweba: the asphalt selibekiwe kuphela ezidinga ukulungisa esiphuthumayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lo msebenzi kufanele kwenziwe bawuhloniphe ngokuqinile wonke amaphuzu inqubo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa izindleko imali, isikhathi eside ekuphileni inkonzo futhi izinga esiphezulu. Ngokuchibiyela Ungayibuyisa embili, amandla, evenness, ukubamba kanye nekhwalithi ukumelana wamanzi ezinengilazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inikeza inkathi esezingeni amagalaji.

Ngokuchibiyela olufanele amashumi eminyaka. Kukhona amashumi enjalo amasu ukulungisa izindawo zokuhamba, indlela elilungile kuyakhethwa esekelwe izimo zezulu, isimo kuwebhu, amathuba egcwele ukusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile futhi izinto ezithile ukusetshenziswa. Ngokuchibiyela umgandayo kunezinzuzo eziningana obungenakuphikwa:

• akasidingi setshe ukunyakaza esigcwele ku umgwaqo ovulekile / onguthelawayeka;
• ukuqaliswa ukusebenza yonke imisebenzi ezidingekayo (ezindaweni ezincane zibuyiselwe emini);
• asikho isidingo ukubandakanya esindayo nezempi;
• ngokuchibiyela asphalt umgandayo akudingi izindleko omkhulu wezimali (uma ziqhathaniswa ukusebenza ukulungiswa ezinkulu).

kuyigxathu

Ngokuvamile abasebenzi abonakele silungisa kuphela ungqimba phezulu ezindaweni ezilimele. Kodwa eqinisweni, ngokuchibiyela ubuchwepheshe luhilela ukubuyisela kanye ungqimba ecashile.

Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi, ichaze imingcele izilonda Kutholwe ukukhubazeka ekhona, ikhomba ukukhubazeka ezingaba, umsebenzi kubalwa esikalini futhi waba nokwethenjelwa, ukufana, amandla bese enamathela maholoholo.

asphalt titibonelo letinkhulu tekuvumelana

amabhizinisi amaningi ezifuywayo ukuthi afeze ukukhanda kanye nokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo, babe ezinamasondo nesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani 8. Lokhu imishini umgwaqo ukulungisiswa umsebenzi ngokugcwele, kodwa ukuyisebenzisela ngokuchibiyela engeke asebenze. Nokunamathelisa amashumi amaningana kwamamitha umgwaqo kungcono ukusebenzisa indlela 'unyathela ", okuyinto eziqhutshwa yilo Mnyango usebenzisa inhlukano Isixwa amapuleti. Futhi, i-asphalt ngokuchibiyela wenziwa usebenzisa ezinamasondo Isixwa encane noma izindlu.

indlela ezivamile

Nale ndlela wokulungisa ingxenye ezilimele iqale uhlukane enamathela, kwenziwa usebenzisa umshini wokugaya komgwaqo. Khona-ke sinqunyiwe onqenqemeni nezakhamuzi ne ebanikeza simise elingunxande. Okulandelayo, wemboni uhlanzekile engaphelele kusuka uthuli imvuthu kanye onqenqemeni nephansi lalo ziphathwe ibitume ketshezi ne itiyela emulsion noma sekuqala ukufudumala, ke wathela asphalt ukuxubana.

Ngokuchibiyela komzila womgwaqo, okuyinto yindlela wendabuko, kuvumela ukuthola imiphumela ephezulu lomsebenzi, kodwa-ke, kuyadingeka ukuchitha imali enkulu ukuthengiselana. It is lisetshenziswe ukukhanda of izinhlobo ezahlukene ezinengilazi ezenziwe ngezinto bituminous futhi asphalt.

Ukulungisa kanye Ukushisa enamathela futhi kabusha ukusetshenziswa komsebenzi walo

Emgwaqweni ofana nalo ngokuchibiyela esekelwe ukusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile Ukushisa ezinengilazi - asfaltonagrevatelya. Le ndlela yenza kube lula ukuthola imiphumela ephezulu, ukonga on izinto, ukwenza lula kubulawa imisebenzi ubuchwepheshe. Kodwa lokhu ngokuchibiyela asphalt umgandayo kunezako abalulekile kwi izimo zezulu (lokushisa nomoya). Le ndlela isetshenziswa ukukhanda of izinhlobo ezahlukene ezinengilazi wenza kusukela Izingxube bituminous futhi asphalt.

Ukulungisa ngaphandle ukusika noma iyazifudumeza egandayiwe emidala

Incithakalo ukusonteka of zokuhamba agcwaliswa abandayo polimerasfaltobetonnoy ingxube organomineralnoj ingxube ezimanzi, amakhaza asphalt t. D. inqubo evumela ukusebenza kubanda lapho enamathela elina ezimanzi, elula ukwenza, kodwa ngeke ikwazi ukwenza ukuhlinzeka izinga okusezingeni ezinengilazi okuhlala. Le ndlela isetshenziswa inqubo silungisa evele umgwaqo ongaphakeme traffic kwabantu, isikhathi, futhi njengoba i-isilinganiso eziphuthumayo emigwaqeni ngamandla aphezulu.

izindlela Cold of ngokuchibiyela

Lokhu ngokuchibiyela komzila womgwaqo, okuyinto inqubo kusekelwe ukusetshenziswa abandayo bituminous noma asphaltic ukhonkolo Izingxube njengoba ukulungisa izinto. Lezi izindlela ikakhulu elisetshenziswa inqubo ukukhanda yamakhaza asphalt eziphathekako black amatshe emigwaqweni isigaba ephansi, futhi uma kudingeka, yesikhashana noma imigodi eziphuthumayo.

Operations uqale entwasahlobo lapho izinga lokushisa komoya akuyona degrees ngaphansi kuka 10. Endaweni ukulungisa enamathela Kumiswa ngenxa yesenzo imoto ezihambayo izinsuku 20-40, futhi izinga layo luncike izakhiwo emulsion ibitume noma itiyela ketshezi, amaminerali powder, ukwakheka kanye ukushuba traffic, isimo sezulu.

Buciko ukulungiswa kungenzeka futhi ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi, ngaleyo ndlela silungisa izinto sithenge ngaphambili. Izindleko ukulungisa lobu buchwepheshe lingaphansi kuka at indlela ashisayo. I ethile eyinhloko esifushane ukuhamba amabhasi emigwaqweni luthi alufane namaloli esindayo.

Hot imfashini

Kususelwa ezisetshenziswa njengoba kushisa asphalt Izingxube asphalt mastic, amatshe kanye okuncane, sandy, njll ...

Izindlela ezisetshenziswa ukulungisa imigwaqo asphalt izibhinco. Mhlawumbe imisebenzi emoyeni at okushisa hhayi degrees ngaphansi kuka-10 ngesikhathi eyomile enamathela isisekelo futhi incibilikiswa. Lapho usebenzisa ukulungisa heater uthi at okushisa hhayi ngaphansi kuka 5 degrees.

izindlela Zezıhlabane unikeze izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu nokuphila isikhathi eside kwe-enamathela.

amalungiselelo

Ngaphambi kokwenza noma yimuphi umsebenzi wenziwa imisebenzi kwangaphambilini:

1. Kufakiwe uthango izindawo, izimpawu zomgwaqo kanye nemishini ukukhanyisa emsebenzini ebumnyameni.
2. Ibhalwe izindawo (amakhadi) ukulungisa usebenzisa wokulinganisa noma intambo sisalokhu. Map ukulungisa ocherkivaetsya imigca lecondzile kuqondane and perpendicular eksisi komgwaqo, enika ijamo lesifanele kanye nentaba sokudla i enamathela njengoba yayinjalo.
3. Owagawula, abaphukile up nepepper enamathela ezilimele kuyinto amavidyo ekhishiwe. Labhujiswa wenziwa phezu enamathela ungqimba ukushuba, kodwa hhayi ngaphansi kuka 4 amasentimitha ngebhayisikili obuphelele yonke ukulungiswa. Lapho i-pothole kuthinte ungqimba ephansi, ke athambise futhi ususe yonke ukushuba.
4. Imigodi bahlanza kusuka izinsalela indaba, ukungcola nothuli.
5. Izindonga kanye phansi omile nge hot lokumiswa indlela.
6. Izindonga kanye phansi iphathwa ibitume noma emulsion bituminous.

imisebenzi eyisisekelo

Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye ukulungiswa imigodi kungenziwa egcwele ukulungisa izinto. Isisetshenziswa ukubekwa kanye ukulandelana kwezinqubo incike lemali futhi indlela umsebenzi, uhlobo ukulungisa izinto.

Ukuze Imiqulu ezincane kanye ukungabikho ukustaka ngomshini kungenziwa ngesandla. Kubekwa wenziwa inhlanganisela ikhadi 1 ne ungqimba ahlabayo kumuntu ka amamilimitha angu-50 ukujula ungqimba 2 ngesikhathi ukujula mkhulu kunezinhliziyo amamilimitha angu-50. Kulokhu, ungqimba ephansi kungenziwa wabeka ingxube ngohlalwane indawo, futhi engenhla - okusanhlamvu okuhle.

Lapho ngomshini kubekwa ingxube sidla kusukela thermos hopper.

Lapho kunqanyulwe isivumelwano se amakhadi 10-20 square metres. m asphalt ingxube wabeka paver. Ngesikhathi isitayela efanayo senziwa pothole, futhi ingxube is nombala angabekwa phezu yonke indawo.

Uphawu asphalt Izingxube kule aphansi enamathela ungqimba wenziwa pneumobeetles, ibhukwana noma elektrotrambovkami ezinamasondo vibratory ohlangothini kusuka ngaphandle ngaphakathi.

Stacked ungqimba engenhla ngxube ingxube ibekwe ngaphakathi eyodwa ungqimba at a amamilimitha angu kufika ku-50 ukujula, it is onomfutho ezinamasondo vibratory self ezinezinjini noma ezinamasondo gladkovaltsovymi static ukukhanya uhlobo, bese ezinamasondo esindayo.

Ukuze maloschebnistyh isihlabathi Izingxube futhi compaction isilinganiso kufanele okungenani 0.98, ngoba yehlukene futhi sredneschebnistyh - 0.99.

ingxube Zezıhlabane ohlangene ngesikhathi okushisa esiphezulu lapho ukusonteka ngesikhathi kweqa ka engenakwenzeka.

Emalungeni, okuyinto aphume ashone ngaphezu kwamanzi enamathela, kuyaqedwa noma ukugaywa imishini Milling.

imisebenzi lokugcina

imisebenzi Final ehilela izinyathelo ukuletha komzila womgwaqo ezilungele ukuhamba izimoto. Abasebenzi wasusa asele imfucuza, udoti, ubhapathizelani nabo yokulahla. Futhi, ngalesi sigaba, isuswe izimpawu zomgwaqo kanye izithiyo, esiwuphawu umugqa kubuyiselwa kwisayithi ye ngokuchibiyela.

izidingo ezibalulekile

I ukuqina kwalungisa enamathela amasevisi ngokuyinhloko kuxhomeke ukuhambisana:

• ngokuchibiyela wenziwa at okushisa ambient hhayi esingaphansi kuvunyelwe ukuba ukhulumele ukwaziswa okuthile ukulungisa ehlwengekileko futhi omile;
• ngesikhathi ahlabayo umgwengwezi ubudala esuswa obuthaka impahla izingxenye uhlevane lapho kokuhlukana khona uqhekeke futhi igawula;
• yokuhlanza ezidingekayo futhi omiswe ikhadi wokulungisa;
• Kumelwe wenze ifomu kwesokudla amabalazwe, izindonga mpo, phansi flat;
• ngempela bazenza zonke ukucutshungulwa evele imigodi isibopho Ukwakheka;
• ebeka impahla ukulungisa olwenziwa izinga lokushisa elikhulu for lolu hlobo ingxube;
• ungqimba kumele abe ukushuba kancane sibe sikhulu kunesihlalo imigodi ukujula, ucabangela wekhasi isilinganiso kokucindezelwa;
• kungamukeleki ungqimba kumiswa izinto ezintsha ku ezinengilazi ubudala kusukela kwememori khadi ukugwema ukushaqeka lapho hit ezokuthutha kanye ukucekeleka phansi okusheshayo balelo zwe;
• ukulungisa izinto kahle ohlangene futhi kuqondiswa ezishaywayo ne komzila womgwaqo.

ukulawula izinga

Polymerization-asphalt ukhonkolo Kwenziwa ezingeni lokushisa degrees ngaphezu kuka-100s, futhi ucindezelekile okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngemva compaction ingxube asphalt asesabi amanzi. Kunalokho, elibuyiselwe komzila womgwaqo, kuyatuseka ukuba uthele amanzi Ukupholisa okusheshayo futhi ubuyisele traffic.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ayiphelele ukuhambisana nobuchwepheshe futhi ukwephulwa kwezinye imithetho eyenziwe asphalt nezimagqabhagqabha angaphila iminyaka okungenani 2. Nge mkhosi esiqinile ubuchwepheshe ukulungiswa - hhayi ngaphansi kuka iminyaka 5.

Endleleni kufanele ivumelane (ngemva ngokuchibiyela wenziwa) GOST P 50597-93 - "Imigwaqo nasemigwaqweni".